WW2 history exam Flashcards
(63 cards)
when was the treaty of versailles signed?
28 june 1919
who were the november criminals
the leaders of the german goverment who signed the armistice 11 nov 1918 and later the Treaty of Versailles
who were the sparctacists and in what year did they attack
a group of socialists who wanted to turn germany into a communist state (1920)
what is socialism
the belief that possessions (in particular industries and businesses) should be owned by the goverment rather than private individuals
what was the kapp putsch and in what year did they attack
led by wolfgang kapp, the kapp putsch aimed to overthrow the government and restore the monarchy (1920)
what is the crisis of 1923
refers to a time of political unrest and economic instability:
- france entered the Ruhr, took control over industries and german gov ordered citizens for passive resistance
- hyperinflation - the printing of more money
who was incharge of the Golden Age and what did he do?
Gustav Stressemann - he initiated article 48 to declare a State of Emergency
what happened during Golden Age
Gustav stressmann negotiated with the tov, resulting in the Dawes and Young Plan
when was the Dawes Plan initiated and what was it for?
1924 - reduced payments and borrowed loans from US bank (in return USA, britian and france supervised german banks)
when was the Young Plan initiated? what was it for and what was its propaganda?
1929 - extend the payment deadline for reparations by 50 years (propaganda was it sent children to slavery)
when did the Nazis become the Nazis?
1920-21 after Hitler was sent to spy on the German Workers Party after the war and ended up aligning with the values of their leader (Anton Dexter).
what does Nazi stand for?
National Socialist german workers Party
who was the SA
sturmabteilung - storm division
- paramilitary used to protect and march in rallies (promoted and defended Nazi Party)
- intimidated other parties and members of the public
who was hired to join the SA and what was it like
thugs, unemployed men, men that formerly used to work in the army (promise with free beer and uniform)
what was the Munich putsch and when?
1923 - ran by adolf hitler to seize power of Bavaria, however failed
what did hitler’s trial and jail do?
his trial was allowed him to share his views and perspective with germany, his time in jail allowed him to write mein kampf which included the 25-point programme
when was the Great Depression?
1929-1932
what effects did the great depression have on Germany?
USA called for loans in and Germany was unable to pay them back as many citizens were also trying to take out their money from banks. as a result, many citizens chose to turn to extremist parties such as the Nazis
what did the Nazis do about the great depression?
they took the opportunity to rise up to power and portray themselves as germany’s last hope.
what tactics did Nazis use to rise to power?
pamphlets, posters, stages rallies and speeches
when did Hitler become chancellor?
1933 as a result of convincing president Hindenburg
what did the reichstag fire do?
allowed hitler to blame and remove the communists, initiating a SOE (article 48) and gave him the authority to make any desicion without consulting the reichstag
what did hitler do throughout 1933 to the other parties?
he banned the communists, then SDP, then the centre party in exchange for the protection of the catholic church before finally banning all political parties
when did hitler ban the communist party
1933 may
