WWII

Question 1

Pearl Harbor

Answer 1

December 7, 1941

bc Japan thought a preemptive strike against pacific fleet was needed

Question 2

Why did the US join WWII?

Answer 2

Japan was expanding in Asia

we put an oil embargo on them & moved pacific fleet from San Diego to Hawaii

Japan was threatened and planned to invade US

japan believed they needed a preemptive strike, lead to bombing of Pearl Harbor

Question 3

WWII (intro.)

Answer 3

US wanted to remain neutral, congress passed Neutrality Acts

1939 concerned about Nazi expansion, passed 1939 Neutrality Act (cash and carry-helped Britain)

1941 Britain doesn’t have money to continue cash and carry, Lend Lease program started

Question 4

V-E Day

Answer 4

Victory in Europe

Ended war May 8,1945

Question 5

Battle of Berlin

Answer 5

Last battle w/ Germany

Soviet vs. Germany

(Hitler committed suicide during this battle)

Question 6

D-Day

Answer 6

Operation Overlord

allies land in Normandy occupied France

Second front on Germany

Begin to push East

Question 7

Battle of the Atlantic

Answer 7

War-long fight w/germany

Attempt to ship supplies to UK & Soviet Union

Germans rely on submarines

Convoy system developed

Question 8

US in Pacific (supplying)

Answer 8

hard to supply Pacific military

triple distance to Japan vs. Britain

tropical climate ruined food

concentrated on Europe first

Question 9

US in the Pacific
(Fighting across the ocean)

Answer 9

Island hopping strategy developed bc vast ocean

Battle of midway, turning point in Pacific

Japan lost 4 carriers & US lost 1

Question 10

US in the Pacific (atomic bombs & more)

Answer 10

FDR died in office 1945, VP Truman became president

Manhattan Project to make atomic bomb, which was first tested @Los Alamos, New Mexico

Japan surrendered after atomic bombings at Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Arms race w/ Soviet Union

Question 11

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 11

first lady

defined modern role of a first lady

active voice for reforming the New Deal to support blacks and women

Question 12

Dust Bowl

Answer 12

Severe drought in US

overplowed fields, top soil dried and turned into dust storm

Okies- people moving from affected areas, became migrant workers (poor)

Question 13

Roaring 20s (jazz)

Answer 13

Originated in south

improv

Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington

Influenced composers like Cole Porter & Gershwin Bros

Made Rhapsody in Blue and Opera Porgy & Bess

Question 14

Roaring 20s (Harlem Renaissance)

Answer 14

first major black artistic movement

W.E.B Dubois - writer

Langston Hughes - poetry with jazz rythym

Cotton Club - heart of the movement, white audience w/ black performers, in Harlem

Question 15

18th Amendment

Answer 15

Prohibition
1919

supported by women, anti-German movement, progressives

caused growth in crime

21st Amendment repealed it, decreased crime, increased tax revenue

Question 16

19th Amendment

Answer 16

Women can vote now

Enfranchisement=right to vote=suffrage

Question 17

Roaring 20s (modernist movement)

Answer 17

Attempt to break tradition and create something unique

Impressionism, abstract, geometricism

Art deco and architecture

Question 18

Roaring 20s

Answer 18

Henry ford improved assembly line

Car price lowers a lot, now affordable for most Americans

radio becomes affordable, by 1923 3million Americans had a radio

mass marketing campaigns

Movies w/ sound now widely offered

Creates a national culture

Question 19

Caused of Great Depression(1929)

Answer 19

Industrial overproduction

Consumer overspending, under-consumtion

“Get rich quick” attitudes, stock market crash

disparity in wealth, wages didn’t match inflation, particularly hurt farmers and coal miners

Banking panic, 9,000 banks fails during 1930s

Question 20

The Great Depression (job loss)

Answer 20

25%unemployment rate

many had only part time jobs

minorities hit hard, first to be laid off

men left their families to seek work, many never returned (shame, etc.)

Question 21

The Great Depression (hoover)

Answer 21

Homeless people build hopvervilles out of scrap materials

President Hoover viewed as going too little too late, Hoover dam, Golden Gate Bridge, guaranteed home loans

Hoover loses election to FDR

Question 22

The Great Depression (FDR)

Answer 22

Plan to deal with the Great Depression is call the New Deal

New Deal includes many programs to put people to work, TVS, CCC

FDIC- up to $5000 of insurance for bank accounts

SEC- regulated stock market in attempt to stop speculation & another crash

FDR wanted to help those that didn’t benefit from the New Deal (old people/disabled)

2nd New Deal- creates social security, old age pension, unemployed insurance, disability pay

Question 23

Challenges to FDR and the New Deal

Answer 23

senator Huey P. Long of Luisiana, FDR didn’t go far enough, wanted to “share our wealth”

Supreme Court stuck down two part of the deal bc it tried to control private businesses

FDR tried to “pack the court” with extra Supreme Court judges bc of their attacks

Many of FDR’s supporters abandoned him of this

Question 24

WWII-homefront (production & workforce)

Answer 24

War production board, shifted production from consumer to military goods, start rationing, victory gardens

Liberty ships by Kaiser Aluminum, built on assembly line, 42 days to build(vs. a year)

18million women enter workforce, Rosie the Riveter

Many defense industry employers still avoided hiring black workers

Question 25

WWII-homefront (discrimination)

Answer 25

A.Phillip Randolph- formed the brotherhood of sleeping car porters (railroad something), petitioned FDR to desegregate military, he did not

1941 Randolph decides to get weapon making factory jobs, organizes a march, FDR feared a race riot so he met with them & NAACP

executive order to end discrimination in government jobs

Question 26

WWII-homefront (last part)

Answer 26

FDR issued an executive order to remove and intern Japanese-Americans

110,000 were removed from west coast