Y1 Anatomy Buzzwords Flashcards
(156 cards)
1
Q
placement of stethoscope for the middle lobe of the right lung
A
between ribs 4 and 6 in mid-clavicular and mi-axillary lines
2
Q
placement of stethoscope for lung bases
A
posteriorly in the scapular line at T11 vertebral level
3
Q
horizontal fissure of right lung
A
rib 4
4
Q
oblique fissures
A
rib 6 anteriorly, rising to the level of T3 posteriorly
5
Q
anterior intercostal arteries
A
branch from internal thoracic artery
6
Q
posterior intercostal arteries
A
branch from the thoracic aorta
7
Q
anterior intercostal veins
A
drain into internal thoracic veins
8
Q
posterior intercostal veins
A
drain into the azygous vein
9
Q
intercostal neuromuscular bundles
A
from superior to inferior
vein, artery, nerve
VAN
10
Q
openings in the diaphragm
A
I Ate (8) 10 eggs at 12
inferior vena cava pierces at T8
oesophagus pierces at T10
aorta pierces at T12
11
Q
what type of muscle is the diaphragm
A
skeletal muscle
12
Q
what is the phrenic nerve made up of?
A
anterior rami of C3, C4, C5
13
Q
what nerve supplies the serratus anterior?
A
long thoracic nerve
14
Q
what 3 blood vessels are either side of the sternum?
A
internal thoracic artery and a pair of veins
15
Q
what is the most inferior part of the pleural cavity?
A
costodiaphragmatic recess
most inferior part of this is the costophrenic angle
16
Q
what happens if fluid builds up in the costodiaphragmatic recess?
A
blunting of angles and a fluid level being seen on x ray
17
Q
what is the tongue on the superior lobe of the left lung called?
A
lingula
18
Q
where is the cephalic vein located?
A
delta-pectoral groove
19
Q
where does the trachea bifurcate?
A
level of the sternal angle
20
Q
where do inguinal ligaments attach between?
A
ASIS and pubic tubercle
21
Q
what is the midpoint of the inguinal ligament?
A
deep ring
22
Q
direct inguinal hernia
A
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, and DIRECTLY out of the SUPERFICIAL ring
23
Q
indirect inguinal hernia
A
a bit of peritoneum is forced through the DEEP, into the inguinal canal, then out of the superficial ring
24
Q
which is more medial, the vagus or the phrenic nerve?
A
vagus
25
order of the great vessels from right to left
SAP
superior vena cava
aorta
pulmonary artery
26
where does the tricuspid valve sit?
deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery
27
what marks the boundary between the 2 ventricles?
anterior interventricular groove
28
what contains the LAD branch?
anterior interventricular groove
29
what is the posterior interventricular artery?
a branch of the RCA
30
where does the posterior interventricular artery sit?
in the posterior interventricular groove
31
where is the LCA found?
left atrioventricular groove
32
what are the 3 openings into the right atrium?
SVC IVC and coronary sinus
33
what is the fossa ovalis?
a depression in the right atrium which is a remnant of the foramen ovale
34
what represents the boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the RA?
crista terminalis
35
how are cusps of heart valves connected to the heart wall?
by tendinous cords which are anchored to papillary muscles
36
what is the transverse thoracic line?
the line between the sternal angle and the T4/T5 intervertebral disc
37
what differentiated between the superior mediastinum and the inferior mediastinum?
transverse thoracic plane
38
how does the vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm?
with the oesophagus
39
where does the azygous vein drain into?
the superior vena cava
40
name the branches of the aorta
```
ascending = 2 coronary arteries
arch = brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
descending = bilateral posterior intercostal arteries
```
41
what is the venous angle?
the junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins
42
where is the venous angle located?
at the sternoclavicular joint
43
where does the vagus nerve lie in terms of the lung root?
posterior
44
where does the phrenic nerve lie in terms of the lung root?
anterior
45
what does the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve hook under?
the ligament arteriosum
46
nerves of the superior mediastinum from lateral to medial
phrenic
vagus
recurrent laryngeal
47
where does the right laryngeal nerve hook under
the right subclavian artery and does not enter the chest
48
where does the left laryngeal nerve hook under?
the arch of the aorta and does enter the chest
49
where can lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into
the right lymphatic duct
50
name the structures of the posterior mediastinum from anterior to posterior
```
brachiocephalic veins + SVC
arch of the aorta
trachea
oesophagus
thoracic duct
```
51
what are all of the tongue muscles except the palatoglossus innervated by?
CN XII hypoglossal
52
what is the palatoglossus innervated by?
CN X vagus
53
what are constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
external layer of pharyngeal muscles
54
what are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx innervated by?
CN X vagus
55
what are the inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx innervated by?
CN IX and X
56
what is the muscle innervated by CN IX in the pharynx?
stylopharyngess
57
what controls the sensory limb of the gag reflex?
CN IX
58
what controls the motor limb of the gag reflex?
CN IX and CN X
59
what is the nerve supply to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
general sensory- CN V3
| special sensory- CN VII
60
nerve supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
CNIX
61
what are the muscles of opening and closing the jaw all innervated by?
CNV3
| the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
62
muscles of the jaw closing
masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
63
muscle of jaw opening
lateral pterygoid
64
what bone are the pterygoid plates part of?
sphenoid bone
65
what is the parasympathetic innervation of the GIT until the distal end of the transverse colon?
vagus nerve
66
what is the parasympathetic innervation of the GIT from the descending colon to the anal canal?
pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4)
67
what kind of organ is the liver in terms of the peritoneum?
intraperitoneal
68
in which part of the body do sympathetic nerves synapse directly onto the cells of?
the adrenal gland
69
visceral afferent nerve fibres of the foregut
T6 to T9
70
visceral afferent nerve fibres of the midgut
T8 to T12
71
visceral afferent nerve fibres of the hindgut
T10 to L2
72
where does the coeliac trunk branch from the abdominal aorta?
T12
73
where does the splenic artery run?
along the superior border of the pancreas
74
role of gall bladder
stores and concentrates bile
75
role of spleen
breaks down red blood cells to produce bilirubin
76
which ribs protect the spleen?
9-11
77
which ribs protect the liver?
7-11
78
what supplies blood to the gall bladder?
cystic artery
79
which sac are the hepatorenal and subphrenic recesses located within?
the greater sac
80
what forms the ampulla of vater
bile duct and pancreatic duct
81
what causes jaundice
increase in blood levels of bilirubin
82
blood supply to the stomach
right and left gastric arteries
| right and left gastro-mental arteries
83
blood supply to the pancreas
pancreatic branches of splenic artery
gasproduodenal branch of the hepatic artery
pancreaticoduodenal arteries
84
which part of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?
first part
85
what are the last 3 parts of the duodenum?
retroperitoneal
86
what are the parabolic gutters a part of?
the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity
87
at what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliacs?
L4 level
88
main arterial anastomosis in the large intestine
marginal artery of Drummond
89
blood supply to the rectum and anal canal
superior rectal artery from IMA
| middle and inferior rectal arteries from the internal iliac artery
90
separation of the rectum from the anal canal
pectinate line
91
3 important sites of portal systemic anastomoses
Distal end of oesophagus.
Skin around the umbilicus.
Rectum/anal canal
92
what is the pelvic floor?
levator ani muscle
93
where is the rectosigmoid junction?
anterior to S3
94
where does the rectum become the anal canal?
anterior to the tip of the coccyx
95
3 muscles associated with the levator ani
iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis
96
nerve supply to the levator ani
```
Nerve to levator ani (a branch of the sacral plexus, S3, S4)
Pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
```
97
what stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincter?
pudendal nerve
98
how does the pudendal nerve exit the pelvis?
via the greater sciatic foramen
99
how does the pudendal nerve enter the perineum?
through the lesser sciatic foramen
100
nerve supply above pectinate line
autonomic
101
arterial supply above pectinate line
inferior mesenteric
102
venous drainage above pectinate line
portal system via IMV
103
lymphatic drainage above pectinate line
IM nodes
104
nerve supply below pectinate line
somatic
| pudendal
105
arterial supply below pectinate line
internal iliac
106
venous drainage below pectinate line
systemic system via internal iliac veins
107
lymphatic drainage below pectinate line
superficial inguinal nodes
108
what lies on either side of the anal canal?
ischioanal fossa
109
extra part of the axis
odontoid process
110
first palpable vertebrae
C7
111
where are spinal nerves located
below the vertebrae of the same number in the intervertebral foramen
112
nipple level dermatome
T4
113
umbilical level dermatome
T10
114
thumbs dermatome
C6
115
where are the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
cauda equina
116
where is the caudal equine
begins at L1/L2
117
types of fibrous joints
sutures
| fibrous sheets
118
sutures
between bones of the skull
119
fibrous sheets
in between bones eg radius and ulna
120
types of cartilaginous joints
primary
| secondary
121
primary cartilaginous joint
inside the bone eg epiphyseal growth plate
122
secondary cartilaginous joint
intervertebral discs
123
synovial joints
```
pivot
ball and socket
plane
hinge
biaxial
```
124
pivot
neck
125
ball and socket
hip
126
plane
acromiocalvicular
127
hinge
elbow
128
biaxial
hands and feet
129
what contains the vagus nerve in the neck
carotid sheath
130
where is the thyroid gland
C7
131
grey matter of the brain
outside
132
white matter of the brain
inside
133
grey matter of the spinal cord
inside
134
white matter of the spinal cord
outside
135
where can diaphragmatic pain be referred to?
tip of the shoulder
136
blood supply the the testicles
testicular artery
| pampniform plexus of veins
137
sympathetic supply to heart and lungs
cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
138
bony features of the humerus
greater and lesser tubercles at proximal end
| lateral and medial epicondyles at the distal end
139
bony features of the femur
greater and lesser trochanters at the proximal end
| lateral and medial condyles at the distal end (also epicondyles)
140
auscultation of apices of the lung
superior to the middle 1/3rd of the clavicle
141
medial half of the breast drains to
parasternal lymph nodes
142
lateral half of the breast drains to
axillary lymph nodes
143
lymph nodes at the carina
tracheobronchial
144
lymph nodes at the hilum
hilar (bronchopulmonary)
145
right border of the heart
right atrium
146
left border of the heart
left ventricle
147
where is the cardiac plexus
base of the heart
148
nerve supply to the carotid sinus
CN IX glossopharyngeal
149
nerve supply to the aortic sinus
CN X vagus
150
TMJs
condylar process
mandibular fossa
articular tubercle
151
muscles maintaining faecal continence
levator ani
152
ligament of the liver from the liver to the diaphragm
coronary ligaments
153
ligament of the liver to anterior abdominal wall
falciform ligament
154
constrictions of the oesophagus
cricopharyngeus muscles
thoracic constriction
diaphragmatic
155
ccricopharyngeus constriction
C6
156
thoracic constriction
arch of the aorta
