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Repetition Memory Cards > Y1 Gastroenteritis Organisms and Treatment > Flashcards

Y1 Gastroenteritis Organisms and Treatment Flashcards

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1
Q

Treatment of:

Mild spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A

Co-trimoxazole

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2
Q

Treatment of:

Severe spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A

Tazobactam & Piperacillin

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3
Q

Treatment of:

Peritonitis: biliary tract / intra-abdominal

A

IV Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin

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4
Q

What is the Sepsis 6 Bundle?

A

BUFALO

Bloods                           (take)
Urine hourly output      (take)
Fluids                             (give)
Antibiotics                     (give)
Lactate                           (take)
Oxygen                          (give)
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5
Q

Treatment of:

C. Diff

A

Metronidazole or Vancomycin

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6
Q

Treatment of:

Campylobacter

A

Clarithromycin

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7
Q

Treatment of:

Salmonella

A

Ciprofloxacin

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8
Q

Treatment of:

Shigella

A

Ciprofloxacin

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9
Q

Causes bloody diarrhoea (acute colitis)

A

Campylobacter, Shigella, E.coli 0157, amoebiasis

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10
Q

Have pre-formed toxins

A

Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus, Cl. Perfringes, E.coli 0157

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11
Q

Detection via:

Microscopy

A

Parasites

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12
Q

Detection via:

ODG

A

Giardia (green stools)

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13
Q

Detection via:

Culture

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cholerae

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14
Q

Detection via:

Toxin

A

C. Diff & E.coli

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15
Q

Detection via:

PCR

A

Norovirus & Rotavirus

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16
Q

Has a short incubation time of 1-6hrs

A

Staph aureus / Bacillus Cereus

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17
Q

Has a medium incubation time of 12-48hrs

A

Salmonella / Clostridium Perfringes

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18
Q

Has a long incubation time of 2-14 days

A

E.coli 0157

Campylobacter (cause you’d go camping for a long time to make it worthwhile)

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19
Q

The 4 C’s of C. Diff

A 
Cephalosporins
		Clindamycin
		Ciprofloxacin (quinolones)
		Co-amoxiclav
The 5th C = Clarithromycin 
(i know, its stupid when it's called the 4 C's)
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20
Q

Food poisoning from:

Re-heated rice

A

Bacillus Cereus (sounds like cer-rice)

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21
Q

Food poisoning from:

Whipped Cream

A

Staph aureus

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22
Q

What is gastroenteritis and what is the consequence regarding absorption?

A

Inflammation of stomach and small intestine

Limits absorption of nutrients and water

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23
Q

Acute enteritis often presents with fever, diarrhoea, vomiting and abdo pain. Is the diarrhoea usually bloody?

A

No

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24
Q

Acute colitis often presents with fever, diarrhoea and abdo pain. Is the diarrhoea usually bloody?

25
Which out of bacteria, viruses and parasites is the most common cause of gastroenteritis?
Viruses
26
Which antibiotic is commonly used for non-severe C. diff?
Oral Metronidazole
27
Which antibiotic is used for severe C. diff?
Oral vancomycin | never IV
28
What is meant by antimicrobial stewardship?
Prescribing optimum dosage and duration of antimicrobial treatment that results in best clinical outcome, prevention of infection and minimal resistance
29
Who is most at risk of complications from E. coli 0157 infection?
Children and Elderly
30
Which antibiotic is used for amoeba and giardia infections?
Metronidazole
31
How is rotavirus spread?
Faeco-oral
32
How is norovirus spread?
Faeco-oral and droplets
33
Which type of culture - urine, stool or blood - is key to diagnosing typhoid?
Blood
34
What is first line treatment for gastroenteritis?
Oral rehydration or IV fluids
35
Describe the nature of vomiting that comes with norovirus
Explosive and sudden Lead to environmental contamination (yum...)
36
Which stool investigation is appropriate for Giardia, Amoebas and parasitic infections?
Stool microscopy
37
Which stool investigation is appropriate for Clostridium Difficile and E. coli 0157?
Stool Toxin
38
What is the name of the toxin produced by E. coli 0157?
Verotoxin (VTEC)
39
Name the 4 main stool investigations for infectious organisms, from most used to least
Stool culture Stool microscopy Stool toxin Stool PCR
40
Which antibiotic is used for first recurrence of C. diff infection?
Fidaxomycin
41
What is the incubation period for Campylobacter and E. coli 0157?
Long | 2-14 days
42
Which organism is the most common cause of traveller's diarrhoea?
E.coli 0157
43
What is meant by toxin-mediated food poisoning?
Toxin has been preformed by the bacteria on the host before ingestion of food, leading to acute symptoms once the food has been eaten
44
Which organism is the commonest cause of food poisoning?
Campylobacter
45
Define SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome)
More than 2 of: Temperature <36 or >38 RR over 20 WCC less than 4k or over 12k
46
Which foods does Campylobacter mainly colonise?
Poultry Raw milk Poor food preparaiton
47
What are the main organisms that cause bloody diarrhoea?
Campylobacter Shigella E. coli 0157 Amoebas
48
Which foods does E. coli 0157 colonise?
Beef Raw milk, water Wide variety really
49
Which foods does Salmonella mainly colonise?
Poultry Raw egg Meat, animal guts
50
What is the commonest cause of viral diarrhoea in kids under 3 years old?
Rotavirus
51
Which virus is known as the winter vomiting bug?
Norovirus
52
What is the incubation period for bacillus cereus and staph aureus?
Short | 1-6hrs
53
Typhoid is an enteric fever like illness caused by which organism?
Salmonella
54
Which organisms are more likely to cause outbreaks of food poisoning?
Salmonella and E.coli 0157
55
Define sepsis
SIRS + suspected/confirmed underlying infectious process
56
Which 3 markers assess the severity of C. difficile infection?
Suspicion of pseudomembranous colitis/toxic megacolon/ileus WCC greater than 15 High creatinine
57
What is the incubation period for Salmonella and Cl. perfringens?
Medium | 12-48hrs
58
Which syndrome can result due to verotoxin?
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

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