Y1 TERM 1

Question 1

what are te 3 divisions of the nasopharynx?

Answer 1

vestibule
respiratory region
olfactory region

Question 2

what lines the respiratory region in the nose?

Answer 2

ciliated psuedostratified epithelium interspersed with goblet cells

Question 3

what lines the olfactory region of the nose?

Answer 3

olfactory cells

Question 4

what are the 4 nasal conchae?

Answer 4

inferior, middle and superior meatus

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 5

whats the function of the conchae?

Answer 5

increase SA of nasal cavity so air can come into more contact with cavity walls which disrupts the fast flow making it slow and tubrulant, allowing air longer to be humidified

Question 6

where does the eustachian tube open in the nose?

Answer 6

into the nasopharynx at the level of the inferor meatus but futher back

Question 7

where does the nasolacrimal duct open?

Answer 7

in the inferior meatus

Question 8

what is the cribiform plate?

Answer 8

part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity. it contains many small perforations allowing fibres of the olfactory nerve to enter and exit

Question 9

what is the sphenopalatine foramen?

Answer 9

a hole to allow communication betwee nasal cavity and pterygopalatine fossa

Question 10

what passes through the sphenopalatine foramen?

Answer 10

sphenopalatine artery, nasopalatine and superior nasal nerves

Question 11

what is the incisive canal?

Answer 11

a pathway between the nasal cavity and the incisive fossa of the oral cavity

Question 12

what passes through the incisive canal?

Answer 12

nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery.

Question 13

why is it important that the nose has a very rich vascular supply?

Answer 13

so it can change the humidity and temperature of inspired air

Question 14

what is Little’s area?

Answer 14

Kiesselbach’s plexus
found on the anteror nasal septum
anastamosis of anterior ethmoidal artery, posterior ethmoidal artery, sphenopalatine artery, greater palatine artery and septal branch of superior labial artery

Question 15

what makes up the cartilaginous structure of the nose?

Answer 15

lateral cartilage
major alar cartilage
minor alar cartilage

Question 16

what innervates the muscles of the nose?

Answer 16

facial nerve

Question 17

what are the 3 muscles of the nose?

Answer 17

procerus
nasalis - transverse and alar part
depressor septi nasi

Question 18

whats the function of the procerus muscle?

Answer 18

contraction can depress the medial eyebrow and wrinkle the skin of superior dorsum

Question 19

whats the function of the transverse portion of the nasalis muscle?

Answer 19

assists the procerus muscle

Question 20

whats the function of the alar part of nasalis?

Answer 20

dilates nares

Question 21

whats the function of the depressor septi nasi?

Answer 21

assists action of alar part of nasalis muscle

Question 22

why can infections spread from the nose into the cranial cavity?

Answer 22

because in some individuals some nasal veins join with the sigittal sinus

Question 23

what carries out special sensory innervation of the nose?

Answer 23

olfactory nerves

Question 24

what supplies general sensory innervation to the septum and lateral walls of the nerve?

Answer 24

nasociliary and nasopalatine branches

Question 25

what supplies innervation to the external skin of the nose?

Answer 25

trigeminal nerve

Question 26

where do the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoid air cells enter into the nose?

Answer 26

in the hiatus semilunaris

Question 27

What are the two regions of the oral cavity?

Answer 27

oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

Question 28

what forms the roof of the mouth?

Answer 28

the hard and soft palate

Question 29

whats the epithelium of the hard palate?

Answer 29

superiorly respiratory mucosa and inferiorly by ora mucosa

Question 30

whats the function of the soft palate?

Answer 30

it acts as a valve that can lowe r to close the ororpharyngeal isthmus and elevate to separate the nasopharynx from the oropharynx

Question 31

which muscle forms the cheeks?

Answer 31

the buccinator muscle

Question 32

what innervates the cheeks?

Answer 32

buccal nerve (branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)

Question 33

what forms the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 33

bilateral mylohyloid muscles and the geniohyoid muscle

Question 34

what provides sensory innervation of the oral cavity?

Answer 34

branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 35

what innervates the hard palate?

Answer 35

greater palatine and nasopalatine nerve

Question 36

what innervates the soft palate?

Answer 36

lesser palatine nerve

Question 37

what provides sensory innervation of the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 37

lingual nerve

Question 38

what provides innervation to the tongue for special sensory fibres for taste?

Answer 38

chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)

Question 39

what innervates the buccal muscle?

Answer 39

buccal branches of the facial nerve

Question 40

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 40

muscles that lie entirely in the tongue superior longitudinal inferior longitudinal transverse and vertical muscles

Question 41

whats the function of intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 41

affect shape and size of tongue | have a role in facilitating speech, eating and swallowing

Question 42

what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 42

genioglossus hyoglossus styloglossus palatoglossus

Question 43

what are extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 43

muscles that attach the tongue to other structures

Question 44

whats the function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 44

repositioning of the tongue

Question 45

where does the genioglossus muscle attach ad insert?

Answer 45

arises from mandibular symphysis and inserts into the body of the hyoid bone and entire length of tongue

Question 46

whats the function of the genioglossus muscle of the tongue?

Answer 46

protrude the tongue, depress the tongue and draw the tip back and down

Question 47

where does the hyoglossus muscle attach and insert?

Answer 47

it arises from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue

Question 48

whats the function of the hyoglossus muscle

Answer 48

depression and retraction of the tongue

Question 49

where does the styloglossus muscle attach and insert?

Answer 49

originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts into the side of the tongue

Question 50

whats the function of the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 50

retraction and elevation of the tongue

Question 51

where does the palatoglossus muscle attach and insert?

Answer 51

arises from the palatine aponeurosis and inserts broadly across the tongue

Question 52

whats the function of the palatoglossus muscle?

Answer 52

it elevates the posterior aspect of the tongue

Question 53

what innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 53

hypoglossal nerve | except palatoglossus muscle which has vagal innervation

Question 54

what supplies general sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 54

trigeminal nerve | lingual nerve

Question 55

what supplies taste in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 55

facial nerve

Question 56

what supplies touch and taste sensation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Answer 56

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 57

what is the arterial blood supply to the tongue?

Answer 57

lingual arterty (branch of ECA) and some collateral circulation provided by tonsillar artery