y11 test2

Question 1

how many chromosomes are in a human parent cell

Answer 1

46

Question 2

what does diploid mean

Answer 2

there are two copies of each chromosome, one from the biological mother and one from the biological father which both code for the same protein

Question 3

what happens in interphase

Answer 3

each chromosome duplicates

Question 4

what happens in prophase

Answer 4

the nuclear membrane disappears
the DNA condenses
spindle fibres form from the centriole

Question 5

what happens in metaphase

Answer 5

chromosomes line up at the equator
spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes at the centromere

Question 6

what happens in anaphase

Answer 6

sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle fibresah

Question 7

what happens in telophase

Answer 7

nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes
DNA de-condenses

Question 8

what happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 8

NOT PART OF MITOSIS
cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to create 2 new daughter diploid cells, identical to the parent cells and each other

Question 9

what is the purpose of meiosis I

Answer 9

halves the chromosome number

Question 10

what is the purpose of meiosis II

Answer 10

halves the amount of genetic material

Question 11

what happens in prophase I

Answer 11

nuclear membrane disappears
spindle fibres form
recombination occurs, creating variation

Question 12

what happens in metaphase I

Answer 12

homologous chromosome pairs line up along the equator
spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes at the centromere

Question 13

what happens in anaphase I

Answer 13

homologous chromosome pairs are pulled to opposite poles

Question 14

what happens in telophase I

Answer 14

nuclear membrane reforms

Question 15

what happens in cytokinesis I

Answer 15

cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to create 2 haploid daughter cells

Question 16

what does homologous mean?

Answer 16

codes for the same thing (like eye colour)

Question 17

what happens in prophase II

Answer 17

nuclear membrane disappears
spindle fibres form

Question 18

what happens in metaphase II

Answer 18

chromosomes line up at the equator
spindle fibres attach to chromosomes at the centromere

Question 19

what happens in anaphase II

Answer 19

chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle fibres

Question 20

what happens in telophase II

Answer 20

nuclear membrane reforms

Question 21

what happens in cytokinesis II

Answer 21

4 granddaughter cells are formed, all different to each other and to the parent cell

Question 22

what is recombination

Answer 22

the exchange of DNA between sister chromatids

Question 23

what does haploid mean

Answer 23

genetically different to each other and the parent cell

Question 24

what is random fertilisation

Answer 24

any egg can be released and any sperm can reach the egg- creates variation

Question 25

what are the animal sex cells

Answer 25

eggs and sperm

Question 26

what are the plant sex cells

Answer 26

eggs and pollen

Question 27

what are the features of sexual reproduction

Answer 27

involves meiosis to form gametes, then division by mitosis after fertilisation needs 2 parents gametes have a half set of genetic material and fuse at fertilisation variation

Question 28

what are the features of sexual reproduction

Answer 28

only involves mitosis only needs one parent no fusing of sex cells offspring are genetically identical to parent (clones)

Question 29

what are the advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 29

variation (survival advantage) plants can colonise new areas by seed dispersal

Question 30

what are the disadvantages of sexual reprodution

Answer 30

time consuming energy efficient

Question 31

what are the advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 31

only one parent needed time and energy efficient no wasted gametes many identical offspring can be produced in favourable conditions

Question 32

what are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 32

if all offspring are identical, they could be at risk from disease/extinction no variation

Question 33

Describe reproduction in a malarial parasite (plasmodium)

Answer 33

reproduces sexually in the host mosquito reproduces asexually in the human host

Question 34

Describe reproduction in fungi

Answer 34

fungi are made of masses of threads called hyphae produce spores asexually in ideal conditions when conditions aren't ideal, hyphae from different fungi join to create a diploid hypha which undergoes meiosis to produce spores

Question 35

Describe reproduction in a strawberry plant

Answer 35

Sexually, gametes combine in pollination to form diploid seeds that germinate to create a new plant Asexually, it can produce runners which create genetically identical plants (even if flowers are destroyed, frozen, eater or aren't pollinated

Question 36

Where in the body does mitosis occur?

Answer 36

body cells

Question 37

Where in the body does meiosis occur?

Answer 37

ovaries and testes

Question 38

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 38

growth and repair

Question 39

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 39

To produce gametes

Question 40

What happens to the DNA in mitosis and meiosis before division?

Answer 40

It duplicates (interphase)

Question 41

How many divisions are in mitosis?

Answer 41

1

Question 42

How many divisions are in meiosis?

Answer 42

2

Question 43

How many chromosomes are in each cell after mitosis?

Answer 43

46

Question 44

How many chromosomes are in each cell after meiosis?

Answer 44

23