Y3 Bio Topic 1

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Who coined the term “cell”?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke (1662)

Question 3

Who was the first to observe plant and animal cells with a microscope?

Answer 3

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Question 4

What are the three main tenets of the cell theory?

Answer 4

1) All living organisms are composed of cells. 2) The cell is the basic unit of life. 3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 5

Who proposed that plants and animals are made of cells?

Answer 5

Matthias Schleiden (plants) and Theodor Schwann (animals)

Question 6

What did Rudolf Virchow contribute to cell theory?

Answer 6

He stated that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 7

What is the size range of most cells?

Answer 7

1-100 micrometers (µm)

Question 8

What type of microscope would you use to observe live cells?

Answer 8

Light microscope

Question 9

What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?

Answer 9

1000–1500x

Question 10

What type of microscope provides the highest magnification and resolution?

Answer 10

Electron microscope

Question 11

What are the two main types of electron microscopes?

Answer 11

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 12

What is the resolving power of an electron microscope?

Answer 12

Around 0.2 nanometers (nm)

Question 13

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 13

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 14

What are the six kingdoms of life?

Answer 14

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Question 15

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

Answer 15

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Question 16

Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.

Answer 16

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Question 17

What is a key structural feature of bacterial cell walls?

Answer 17

They contain peptidoglycan.

Question 18

What is a key structural feature of Archaea cell walls?

Answer 18

They lack peptidoglycan and have unique lipid structures.

Question 19

What are the two major regions of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 19

Nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 20

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 20

Contains DNA and controls cell activities.

Question 21

What are chromatin threads?

Answer 21

Long, thread-like structures of DNA found in the nucleus.

Question 22

What happens to chromatin during cell division?

Answer 22

It condenses to form visible chromosomes.

Question 23

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 23

Produces ribosomes.

Question 24

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 24

Generates ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 25

Why do muscle cells contain many mitochondria?

Answer 25

They require large amounts of energy for contraction.

Question 26

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 26

Synthesizes proteins.

Question 27

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 27

In the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

Question 28

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Answer 28

Transports proteins synthesized by ribosomes.

Question 29

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Answer 29

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances.

Question 30

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 30

Modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids.

Question 31

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 31

Digest waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 32

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 32

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 33

What is the main structural component of the cell membrane?

Answer 33

Phospholipid bilayer.

Question 34

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 34

Conducts photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 35

What pigment is found in chloroplasts?

Answer 35

Chlorophyll.

Question 36

What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 36

Stores nutrients and maintains turgor pressure.

Question 37

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 37

Provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 38

What organelle is found only in plant cells?

Answer 38

Chloroplast.

Question 39

What organelle is found only in animal cells?

Answer 39

Centrioles.

Question 40

What is the main carbohydrate storage molecule in plants?

Answer 40

Starch.

Question 41

What is the main carbohydrate storage molecule in animals?

Answer 41

Glycogen.

Question 42

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 42

The process by which a cell develops a specific structure and function.

Question 43

How is a red blood cell adapted to its function?

Answer 43

It has a biconcave shape to increase surface area for oxygen transport.

Question 44

Why does a red blood cell lack a nucleus?

Answer 44

To allow more space for hemoglobin.

Question 45

What is the function of a nerve cell (neuron)?

Answer 45

Transmits electrical impulses.

Question 46

How is a muscle cell adapted to its function?

Answer 46

Contains many mitochondria to supply energy for contraction.

Question 47

How is a root hair cell adapted for absorption?

Answer 47

Has an extended surface area for better water and mineral uptake.

Question 48

What is a tissue?

Answer 48

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Question 49

Give an example of a tissue.

Answer 49

Muscle tissue.

Question 50

What is an organ?

Answer 50

A structure made up of different tissues that perform a function.

Question 51

Give an example of an organ.

Answer 51

Stomach.

Question 52

What is an organ system?

Answer 52

A group of organs working together to perform a function.

Question 53

Give an example of an organ system.

Answer 53

Digestive system.