Year 1 + Mod-1 = Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
The Frontal Lobe of the brain controls…
A
2
Q
The Parietal Lobe of the brain controls…
A
3
Q
The Occipital Lobe of the brain controls…
A
4
Q
The Cerebellum of the brain controls…
A
5
Q
The Four key componenets of a nerve cell are?
A
6
Q
Three main peices of the Neuron are?
A
7
Q
Four Types of Glial Cells
A
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Mircoglia
Ependymal Cells
8
Q
Astrocytes Repsond too…
A
injury
and nourish the nueron
9
Q
Oligodendrocytes create the ____ on a nueron?
A
Myelin Sheath
10
Q
Microglia monitor for _____ and ______
and is implicated in _____ and _____
A
Microglia monitor for DYSFUNCTION and INFECTION
and is implicated in CHRONIC PAIN and OCD
11
Q
Glial cells cause persistant pain through ______
induced by ____ or _____
A
Glial cells cause persistant pain through OVER SENSITIZATION
induced by FOOD INTOLERANCE or TOXINS
12
Q
How many Cranial Nerves are there?
A
12
13
Q
A Motor Unit consists of?
A
Motor Neuron
+
All the muscle cells it stimulates
14
Q
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
A
31
15
Q
Most “trapped” nerves occur in what three areas areas of the spine?
A
Cervical
Lumbar L4-L5
Lumbar L5-S1
16
Q
Four Examples of the Sympathetic Nervous System
A
Fight-or-Flight
Inhibits Sexual Function
Inhibits Immune System
Poor Sleep
17
Q
Sympathetic Nerves Intervate at what two part of the spine?
A
Thoracic & Lumbar
18
Q
Three Examples of the Parasympathetic Nervous system are?
A
“Rest and Digest”
Increased Blood flow to GI
Supports Sexual Function
19
Q
Parasympathetic Nerves intervate at what two parts of the spine?
A
Cervical & Sacral
20
Q
The Pineal Gland modulates ______ and produces ______
A
Sleep/Wake Cycles + Melatonin
21
Q
Which gland is the “Master Glan”?
A
Pituitary
22
Q
The Thyroid regulates
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
A
1 - Metabolism
2 - Growth
3 - Body Temp.
4 - Heart Rate
23
Q
The thyroid secretes what hormone?
A
T3 & T4
24
Q
The Thymus specializes in ______ system
and educates T-Cells
A
Immune system
25
**The Adrenals sit on top of the kidneys and release hormones**
**Including... (three)**
**Hormones**
**- Cortisol**
**- Adrendaline**
**- Adrogen's**
26
**Steroid Hormone Pathway**
**Acetyl Co-A = ______ = _____ +\_\_\_\_\_**
**Steroid Hormone Pathway**
**Acetyl co-A = Pregnenolone = Progesterone + DHEA**
27
**Steroid Hormone Pathway**
**DHEA becomes**
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ + \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Steroid Hormone Pathway**
**DHEA becomes**
**Testeosterone + Estrone**
28
**Steroid Hormone Pathway**
**Pogesterone becomes**
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ + \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**Steroid Hormone Pathway**
**Pogesterone becomes**
**Cortisol + Aldosterone**
29
**_Steroid Hormone Pathway_**
**Pathway Under Stress**
**Pregnenalone**
**- to -**
**Prpogesterone**
**- to -**
**Cortisol**
30
**_Hormone Circadian Cycles_**
31
**_Digestive System Six Components_**
**Mouth**
**Esophogus**
**Stomach**
**Pancreas**
**Small Intestine**
**Large Intestine**
32
**What are Refelx Pathways between Muscles & Organs?**
**Pain signals sent from your muscles may also be sent to the corresponding organs that intervate at that section of the spine, causing them to behave as if they are in pain**
**= not functioning normally**
33
**Heart & Lung Reflex Pathway intervates at \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**T1-T4**
34
**Stomach+ Small Intestine + Pancreas + Liver Reflex Pathway intervates at \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**T5-T9**
35
**Colon Reflex Pathway intervates at \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**T9 - L3**
36
**Kidney Reflex Pathway intervates at \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**T10 - L1**
37
**Prostate Reflex Pathway intervates at \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**T10 - T11**
38
**Testes + Ovary Reflex Pathway intervates at \_\_\_\_\_\_**
**T10 - L4**
39
**_Heart Blood Pathway_**
**Venacava - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle**
**Pulmonary Artery to Lungs**
**Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Aorta**
40
**_Three Energy Systems + Utilization Times + Ana/Aerobic_**
**Creatine + 2-7 sec + Anaerobic**
**Glycolysis + 20-60 sec + Anerobic**
**Glucose/Faty Acid + 60s + Aerobic**
41
**_Energy Metabolism Sources_**
**2-7 s**
**7-60s**
**60s+**
## Footnote
**Creatine**
**Glycolysis**
**Aurobic Lactic Acid**
42
**_Muscle Fiber Loading Timing_**
**Tonic Strength =**
**Strength Endurance =**
**Strength =**
**Max Strength Mass =**
**Power =**
**Tonic Strength = 3-5 min**
**Strength endurance = 100 - 180 sec**
**Strength = 40 - 70 sec**
**Max Strength Mass = 20 sec @ 85% 1 RM**
**Power = \<20 sec**
43
**_Three Muscle Fiber Types + Action_**
**Type - 1 = Endurance**
**Type - 2A = Strength**
**Type - 2B = Power**
44
**Type - 1 Muscle Energy Source = \_\_\_\_**
**Glucose + Faty Acids**
45
**Type - 2A Muscle Energy Source = \_\_\_\_**
**Oxidative Glycolytic**
46
**Type - 2B Muscle Energy Source = \_\_\_\_**
**Creatine + Glycolysis**
47
**Muscle Type Fatigue + Recovery Time**
**Type - 1**
**Type - 2A**
**Type - 2B**
**_Type - 1_**
**F =** **3-5 min - R = 60 sec**
**_Type - 2A_**
**F = 90-120 sec - R = 1-2 min**
**_Type - 2B_**
**F = 0-20 se - R = 3-5 min**
48
**_Cervical Spine_**
## Footnote
**How Many vertebrae in the Cervical spine?**
**7**
49
**_Spinal Anatmoy_**
What is the function of the dens on C2?
**Atals rotates around C2 Dens**
50
**How many vertebrae in the Thoracic Spine?**
**12**
51
**How many vertebrae in the Lumbar Spine?**
**5**
52
How many fused peices are ther in the Sacrum?
**5**
53
**_Joint Anatomy_**
**What are the three types of joints?**
**Synovial**
**Cartilaginous**
**Fiburous**
54
**_Joint Anatomy_**
**The most common and movable joint type is?**
**Synovial**
55
**_Panjabi's Model of Joint Stability_**
\_\_\_\_\_\_ + ______ + \_\_\_\_\_\_
**Neural** = nerve sends signal
**Active** = muscle stimulates
**Passive** = joint sends signal to brain
56
**Ligaments are dense connective tissue that connect ____ to ___ to form a joint**
**Bone to Bone**
57
**_Planes of Movement_**
## Footnote
**Saggital**
**Frontal**
**Transvers**
## Footnote
**Saggital = Flexion / Extension**
**Frontal = Ab/Aduction**
**Transvers = Rotation**
58
**_Transverse Abdominus = TVA_**
**- Origin -**
**- -**
**- Insertion -**
**Inner Surface of Lower 6 Ribs**
**Thoracic Lumbar Fascia**
**Illiac Crest**
**- - -**
**Linear Alba**
59
**_Transverse Abdominus = TVA_**
**_- Action -_**
**Compress Abdominal Contents**
60
**_Diaphram_**
**- Origin -**
**- - -**
**- Insertion -**
**Inner Surface of Lowe 6 Ribs**
**Xiphoid Process**
**Anterior L-2 + L3**
**- - -**
**Common Tendon of Diaphram**
61
**_Diaphram_**
**_- Action x 2 -_**
**Compress Abodminal Cavity**
**+**
**Expand Thoracic Cavity**
62
**_Interspinal Muscles_**
**_Origin + Insertion_**
**Spinous Process**
**Above & Below**
63
**_Interspinal Muscles_**
**_- Action -_**
**Spinal Extension**
64
**_Intertransversary Muscles_**
**_Origin + Insertion_**
**Transverse Process**
**Above & Below**
65
**_Intertransversary Muscles_**
**_- Action -_**
**Side Flexion**
66
**_Multifidus_**
**_- Origin -_**
**_- - -_**
**_- Insertion -_**
**Sacrum**
## Footnote
**illiac Spine**
**Lumbar & Thoracic Articular Processes**
- - -
**Inserts 2-4 Vertebrae above**
67
**_Multifidus_**
**_- Action x 3 -_**
**Spine Extension**
**Contralateral Rotation**
**Stabalization**
68
**_Latissimus Dorsi_**
**_- Orgiin -_**
**_- - -_**
**_- Insertion -_**
**Spinous Process T7 - L5**
**Sacrum**
**- - -**
**Humerus**
69
**_Latissimus Dorsi_**
**_- Action x 3 -_**
**Shoulder Extension**
**Internal Rotation**
**Anterior Rotation of Pelvis**
70
**_Levator Scapula_**
**- Origin -**
**- - -**
**- Insertion -**
**Transverse C1 - C4**
**- - -**
**Medial Border of Scapula**
71
**_Levator Scapula_**
**- Action x 4 -**
**Cervical Extension**
## Footnote
**Rotation**
**Side Flexion**
**Scapular elevation**
72
**_Infraspinatous_**
**- Origin -**
**- - -**
**- Insertion -**
**Infraspinous Fossa**
**- - -**
**Humerous**
73
**_Infraspinatous_**
**- Action x 3 -**
**Shoulder External rotation**
**Shoulder Extension**
**Shoulder Abduction**
74
**_Teres Minor_**
**- Origin -**
**- - -**
**- Insertion -**
**Lower Scapula**
**- - -**
**Humerus**
75
**_Teres Minor_**
**- Action x 3 -**
**Shoulder External rotation**
**Shoulder Extension**
**Shoulder Abduction**
76
**_Rhomboid_**
**- Origin -**
**- - -**
**- Insertion -**
**C7 + T1-3**
**- - -**
**Medial Scapula Border**
77
**_Rhomboid_**
**- Action x 3 -**
**Scapular Adduction**
**Scapular Elevation**
**Scapular Downward rotation**
78
**_Trapezius_**
**- Origin -**
**- - -**
**- Insertion -**
**Occiput of Skull**
**- - -**
**Lateral Clavicle**
**Scapular Spine**
**Achromium Process**
**C7 - T12**
79
**_Trapezius_**
**- Action x 4 -**
**Upper = Cervical Rotation + Extention**
**Mid = Scapular Retraction**
**Lower = Scapular Depression +**
**Downward Rotation**
80
