Year 10

Question 1

Definition of a natural hazard

Answer 1

Natural hazards are extreme natural events that can cause loss of life, extreme damage to property and disrupt human activities.

Question 2

Types of natural hazard

Answer 2

Earthquake,Drought,coastal flooding

Question 3

Factors affecting hazard risks

Answer 3

An increase in the number of people vulnerable to the natural hazard

Question 4

What is the outer layer of the earth called?

Answer 4

The outer layer of the earth is called the crust.

Question 5

What do we call a piece of the earths crust?

Answer 5

A plate

Question 6

Which type of plate boundary is caused when plates scrape past each other

Answer 6

A conservative plate boundar.

Question 7

Which piece of equipment is used to record the power of earthquakes?

Answer 7

A seismometer

Question 8

Describe the main location of tropical storms across the world?

Answer 8

Tropical storms are mainly located in narrow band along the equator and extending to the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

Question 9

What temperature does the sea need to reach for a tropical storm to form?

Answer 9

Above 26.5c/27c

Question 10

What were the immediate impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 10

Typhoon Haiyan damaged 1.1 million houses, destroyed 33 million coconut trees (a major source of livelihoods), and disrupted the livelihoods of 5.9 million workers. Overall damage is estimated at $5.8 billion. More than 7,000 people were killed by Typhoon Haiyan.1.9 million people were left homeless and more than 6,000,000 displaced. There were outbreaks of disease due to the lack of sanitation, food, water, shelter, and medication

Question 11

What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?

Answer 11

The greenhouse is a naturally occurring process which ensures the earth is kept at a temperature which supports life. Global warming is a man-made environmental issue primarily caused by the increase of greenhouse gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 12

Which four gases are most responsible for global warming?

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
CFC gases

Question 13

True or false
Britain’s weather is getting more extreme?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What were the causes of the extreme weather event known as ‘the beast from the East’?

Answer 14

Sudden stratospheric warming which brought very cold air from the east (Siberia). This coincided with Storm Emma which brought warm moist air from the south-west.

Question 15

Wha is the difference between mitigation and adaptation in relation to climate change?

Answer 15

Mitigation is actions which seek to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases produced. Adaptation is learning how to cope with the changes to our climate.

Question 16

What are the 2 major effects of climate change?

Answer 16

Sea level rise
Ice-caps melting
More extreme weather

Question 17

True or false
Carbon dioxide is the most prevalent greenhouse gas.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the term for where a river begins?

Answer 18

The source

Question 19

What is the term for where 2 rivers meet?

Answer 19

A confluence

Question 20

4 processes of erosion that take place in a river

Answer 20

Corrosion
Solution
Abrasion
Hydraulic action

Question 21

4 processes by which a river can transport material

Answer 21

Saltation, Traction, Suspension, solution

Question 22

What is the thalweg on a river?

Answer 22

The fastest flow

Question 23

Does water flow faster on the inside or outside of a meander?

Answer 23

Outside bend

Question 24

What is the name given to the point where the land meets the sea?

Answer 24

Coast

Question 25

What is the difference between a destructive and constructive wave?

Answer 25

Destructive waves are high, have a powerful backwash and weak swash. They mostly occur in winter. Constructive waves are lower, have a strong swash, weak backwash and mostly occur in the summer.

Question 26

What is the name of the process by which waves move material along a beach?

Answer 26

Longshore drift

Question 27

What is a discordant coastline?

Answer 27

Where the alternating bands of hard and soft rock at right angles to the coastline

Question 28

What are the main landforms created by the sea at a discordant coastline?

Answer 28

Headlands Bays Crack Cave Arch Stack Stump

Question 29

What is the difference between hard and soft engineering when defending a coastline from erosion?

Answer 29

Hard engineering uses man-made structures to defend against the sea (sea wall, gabions, groynes etc). Soft-engineering works with the coasts natural processes.

Question 30

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 30

A community of plants and animals living interdependently with biotic and abiotic factors.

Question 31

What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?

Answer 31

Biotic factors are living things (plants, animals, insect), abiotic are not (climate, rainfall, temperature)

Question 32

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

Answer 32

A food chain is linear, a food web shows all linkages in an ecosystem and is more complex

Question 33

What is a primary consumer?

Answer 33

Something that derives its energy from the source – plants/vegetation.

Question 34

Describe the location of the earth’s remaining rainforests.

Answer 34

Rainforest can be found along the equator, and between the tropics of cancer and Capricorn. They can be found in Brazil, Congo Basin, Indonesia etc

Question 35

Where does the word ‘tundra’ get its name from?

Answer 35

The word tundra comes from the Finnish word ‘tunturia’ meaning treeless land.

Question 36

What is permafrost and what challenges does it cause in cold environments like Alaska?

Answer 36

Permafrost is permanently or semi-permanently frozen ground. The problems caused are that in some areas, and with the impact of climate change, the upper layer can thaw in the short summer months. This means that any structures built on this layer can sink into the thawed ground