Year 10 Biology

Question 1

Define Homeostasis

Answer 1

the maintaining of a constant internal environment

Question 2

Define Negative Feedback

Answer 2

the correction for any deviation from a set or normal condition

Question 3

Name the basic examples of homeostasis

Answer 3

temperature regulation, basic kidney function and blood glucose regulation

Question 4

How is body temperature regulated?

Answer 4

Sweating, shivering, vasodilation, vasoconstriction.

Question 5

What is vasodilation?

Answer 5

During vasodilation the blood vessels widen, which decreases blood pressure and cools you down when your blood moves more toward your skin and heat is lost by radiation.

Question 6

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 6

During vasoconstriction the blood vessels are more narrow, which increases blood pressure, warming your body as your blood moves more toward your core and you lose very little heat via radiation.

Question 7

What happens when you sweat?

Answer 7

Sweat makes your skin feel cooler when it’s wet. And when it evaporates it removes some heat from your body.

Question 8

What happens when you shiver?

Answer 8

Skeletal muscles begin to shake in small movements, creating warmth by expending energy.

Question 9

Which gland maintains homeostasis and how?

Answer 9

The hypothalamus is the control center and it determines what the body does in response to different environments to maintain homeostasis. It does this by sending messages through nerve impulses to effectors.

Question 10

What is the correct range for body temperature?

Answer 10

36.1 to 37.2 degrees

Question 11

What is an effector?

Answer 11

A muscle or a gland

Question 12

What does BMR stand for?

Answer 12

Base metabolic rate

Question 13

What role does BMR play in temperature regulation?

Answer 13

When your too hot your BMR decreases meaning less heat is produced. When your too cold there is an increase in your BMR, producing more heat

Question 14

What temperature does hypothermia start

Answer 14

35 degrees and below

Question 15

What temperature does hyperthermia start

Answer 15

Above 40 degrees

Question 16

What are the key functions of the kidney?

Answer 16

Maintain water and salt balance and excrete urea.

Question 17

What is ultra-filtration?

Answer 17

The filtering of glucose, amino acids, water, urea and salt out of the blood stream into the Bowman’s capsule which is part of the nephron.

Question 18

What is reabsorbtion

Answer 18

The re-absorption of glucose, amino acids, 80% of the water and 75% of the salt back into the blood stream through the proximal tubule which is also part of the nephron.

Question 19

What is ADH?

Answer 19

Anti-diuretic hormone

Question 20

What does Anti-diuretic hormone do?

Answer 20

Reduces urine production

Question 21

Where is ADH produced?

Answer 21

The pituitary gland

Question 22

When the body has excess water levels what happens in relation to ADH production?

Answer 22

Less ADH is produced in order to return the body to a normal water balance

Question 23

When the body has depleted water levels what happens in relation to ADH production?

Answer 23

More ADH is produced in order to return the body to a normal water balance

Question 24

What is the normal blood glucose level ?

Answer 24

90mg of glucose per 100mL of blood

Question 25

Where do we get glucose from?

Answer 25

The carbohydrates in our food

Question 26

What happens when blood glucose levels are above 90mg per 100mL

Answer 26

The pancreas releases insulin into the blood stream

Question 27

What does insulin do?

Answer 27

It increases glucose uptake by the liver, which in turn reduces blood glucose level

Question 28

What does the glucose do inside the cell?

Answer 28

Turns into glycogen

Question 29

What happens when blood glucose levels are below 90mg per 100mL

Answer 29

The pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon

Question 30

What does glucagon do?

Answer 30

Makes the liver turn some of its stored glycogen into glucose

Question 31

Define hypoglycaemia

Answer 31

Deficiency of glucose in the blood

Question 32

Define diabetes

Answer 32

The bodies incapability to produce or act upon instruction given by insulin, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels

Question 33

What happens when the body comes into contact with a hot/cold stimuli

Answer 33

Temperature receptors send a signal to spinal cord which sends a signal back to a muscle to contract, all whilst the temperature receptors send a message of pain/cold/heat to the brai

Question 34

What can an effector be?

Answer 34

Muscle or gland

Question 35

What do muscles and glands do?

Answer 35

Contract and secrete

Question 36

What are the two types of neurons?

Answer 36

Sensory and motor

Question 37

Where is the cell body on a motor neuron?

Answer 37

End of neuron 0----------

Question 38

Where is the cell body on a sensory neuron?

Answer 38

Middle of cell >----0----<

Question 39

What are the parts of a sensory neuron?

Answer 39

Receptors, axon, cell body and nucleus, schwan cells and axon terminals

Question 40

What are the parts of a motor neuron?

Answer 40

Dendrites, cell body and nucleus, axon, myelin sheath and axon terminals

Question 41

What does a sensory neuron do?

Answer 41

Transmits impulses from receptors to the CNS

Question 42

What does a motor neuron do?

Answer 42

Transmits impulses from CNS to effectors

Question 43

What is the importance of a reflex action?

Answer 43

Prevents injury and enables you to rapidly jerk away your hand from something hot or sharp etc

Question 44

Describe a reflex arc

Answer 44

If you stand on something sharp, nerve impulses travel from the pain receptors in your foot to the spinal cord via the sensory neuron. The impulses then travel directly to the leg muscles via the motor neuron, causing the leg muscle to contract.

Question 45

What does the medulla do?

Answer 45

Controls automatic actions such as heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure

Question 46

What does the cerebral cortex do?

Answer 46

Gives sensation of feeling from eyes, ears, tongue, nose and skin. Controls muscle movement along with memory and thinking

Question 47

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 47

Coordinates muscles and balance for walking, running, cycling etc

Question 48

What are the 6 major glands

Answer 48

Thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pancreas, testes and ovaries

Question 49

What is the hormone produced by the thyroid

Answer 49

Thyroxine

Question 50

What is the hormone produced by the Adrenal gland

Answer 50

Adrenaline

Question 51

What is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland

Answer 51

ADH

Question 52

What is the hormone produced by the pancreas

Answer 52

Insulin and glucagon

Question 53

What is the hormone produced by the testes

Answer 53

Testosterone

Question 54

What is the hormone produced by the ovaries

Answer 54

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 55

What does thyroxine do?

Answer 55

Regulates growth and metabolism

Question 56

What does adrenaline do?

Answer 56

increase levels of activity

Question 57

What does ADH do?

Answer 57

Regulates water balance

Question 58

What does insilin do?

Answer 58

Reduce blood glucose levels

Question 59

What does Glucagon do?

Answer 59

Increase blood glucose levels

Question 60

Where is DNA located?

Answer 60

Cell nucleus

Question 61

Which letters pair with "A"

Answer 61

T and U

Question 62

Which letter pair with "G"

Answer 62

C

Question 63

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 63

Double helix

Question 64

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 64

To code for protein production

Question 65

What are the 2 phases of protein synthesis ?

Answer 65

1. DNA is copied into mRNA | 2. mRNA is converted into protein

Question 66

What can gene mutation cause?

Answer 66

Altered proteins or no proteins at all

Question 67

Define evolution

Answer 67

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time

Question 68

In order, what are the parts of a nephron

Answer 68

Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct

Question 69

Define phenotype

Answer 69

The word of trait

Question 70

Define genotype

Answer 70

The letters used to represent a trait

Question 71

Define homozygous

Answer 71

Having same alleles e.g AA

Question 72

Define heterozygous

Answer 72

Having different alleles e.g. Aa