YEAR 10 Health And Dieseas

Question 1

Define health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing

Question 2

What are the 7 parts to a balanced diet

Answer 2

Carbs
Protein
Fats and lipids
Fibre
Water
Minerals
Vitamins

Question 3

Define communicable diseases

Answer 3

Caused by infectious pathogens that spread between populations

Question 4

What are the 5 types of PATHOGENS

Answer 4

Bacteria
Viruses
Worms
Fungi
Protists

Question 5

Example of Bacterial pathogen

Answer 5

Salmonella
TB

Question 6

Example of viral pathogen

Answer 6

Covid 19
Ebola

Question 7

Example of Fungal pathogen

Answer 7

Athletes foot
Chalara dieback

Question 8

Example of Protist pathogen

Answer 8

Malaria

Question 9

Example of Worm pathogen

Answer 9

Tapeworm

Question 10

Define an autoimmune condition

Answer 10

the body’s immune system attacks its own healthy tissues and cells

Question 11

Explain Chalara Dieback

Answer 11

Fungi
On ash trees
Transmitted into leaves via spores
Causes leaves and branches to wilt

Question 12

How do blood clots stop infections

Answer 12

Seals blood vessels
Stops pathogens from entering bloodstream

Question 13

What is lysozyme

Answer 13

A bacteria destroying enzyme
Found in saliva

Question 14

What are Lymphocytes

Answer 14

White blood cells which release ANTIBODIES to kill pathogens

Question 15

What are phagocytes

Answer 15

Cell which ingest and kill pathogens

Question 16

How do pregnancy test strips work

Answer 16

1st line only appears if HCG (pregnant hormone) bonds with immobile antibodies
2nd line always appears as mobile antibodies in urine bond with immobile antibodies

Question 17

What is an Antibody

Answer 17

A type of protein made by lymphocytes to bind to a specific antigen

Question 18

What factors increase the risk of CVD

Answer 18

Obesity
Alcoholism
Smoking
Lack of exercise

Question 19

What does alcohol abuse lead to

Answer 19

Damage to Brain and liver cells
Leads to cirrhosis (liver scarring)

Question 20

Purpose of the liver

Answer 20

Removes harmful substances from the blood

Question 21

How to find BMI

Answer 21

Mass/height^2

(Height in m)

Question 22

What is the difference between lytic and lysogenic cycles

Answer 22

Lytic- Cells containing viral DNA duplicate
Lysogenic- Host cells LYSE and release viruses

Question 23

Explain the lytic cycle

Answer 23

Virus injects genetic material into host cell
Host cell undergoes mitosis, duplicating the viral genetic material
Viral genes are used by host cell to make viruses
Stimuli in environment cause host cell to lyse, causing viruses to escape

Question 24

What are statins (CVD)

Answer 24

Drugs which prevent an enzyme reaction to form cholesterol

Have to be taken regularly
Can lead to kidney/liver damage

Question 25

How is high cholesterol dangerous

Answer 25

Leads to plaque buildup in arteries Atherosclerosis

Question 26

What are hypertensives (CVD)

Answer 26

Drugs which lower Blood pressure to stop artery wall tears Easy to take But cause headaches and dizziness

Question 27

What are anticoagulants (CVD)

Answer 27

Drugs which prevent blood clots in arteries All wounds will bleed extensively

Question 28

What are stents (CVD)

Answer 28

Metal cage pushed into artery blockage and inflated with balloon Only minor surgery Only fixes a SINGLE blockage

Question 29

What is coronary bypass surgery (CVD)

Answer 29

Other blood vessels inserted to replace a blocked vessel Invasive surgery Long recovery time

Question 30

Define herd immunity

Answer 30

If ~90% of population are vaccinated, they limit the spread of a disease, protecting the unvaccinated

Question 31

Aseptic vs Antiseptic

Answer 31

Aseptic-Prevent pathogens Antiseptic-Kill pathogens

Question 32

What are monoclonal antibodies

Answer 32

Identical copies of a single type of antibody, produced in a lab from cloned cells