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Physics > Year 10 term 1 > Flashcards

Year 10 term 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

energy transfers and stores

4 Energy transfers

A

-mechanically
-electrically
-by radiation
-by heating

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2
Q

energy transfers and stores

name the 8 energy stores

A

-Electrostatic
-Thermal
-Nuclear
-GPE
-EPE
-Chemical
-Kinetic
-Magnetic

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3
Q

energy transfers and stores

what is this?
‘‘Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only stored and transfered.’’

A

Law of conservation of energy

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4
Q

energy transfers and stores

Light and sound is transfered by

A

Radiation

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5
Q

energy transfers and stores

the sound of something being radiated(e.g screams from a roller coaster) can be classified as _____ or _____ energy.

A
  1. dissipated
  2. wasted
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6
Q

energy transfers and stores

Energy electrically transferring to motors in dodgem cars is an example of _____ energy

A

Useful

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7
Q

energy transfers and stores

Difference between the transfers ‘radiation’and ‘heating’

A

radiation: is for light and sound(e.g: screams from carnival ride)
heating: other things like heat, for example: when you’re falling energy transferred is HEATING your surrounding not radiating.

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8
Q

energy transfers and stores

What energy do batteries store?

A

Chemical Energy

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9
Q

energy transfers and stores

Examples of Mechanical transfers

A

Mechanically converting chemical energy in you to kinetic when you run.

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10
Q

energy transfers and stores

3 forms of nuclear energy?

A

1.Kinetic
2.Heat energy/thermal
3.Light energy

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11
Q

energy transfers and stores

Another term for energy that is wasted

A

dissipated

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11
Q

energy efficiency formula

A

η=
(useful energy/total energy) x100

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12
Q

Temperature is directly proportional to…

A

average energy of particles

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13
Q

Thermal energy is the sum of ….. ….. in particles

A

Kinetic energy

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14
Q

Scientific term of heat

A

Thermal energy

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15
Q

heat always transfers via…

A

Diffusion

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16
Q

In which direction does heat transfer?

A

Hotter —> cooler

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17
Q

Define the term conduction and how it works

A

Particles vibrating due to kinetic energy that they gain from the heat source, via collisions this thermal energy is transferred particle to particle eventually heating up the substance.

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18
Q

Define the process of conduction in metals, and how it differs to normal solids.

A

In a metal we have free electrons or delocalized electrons present, not just the particles- these electrons don’t just have to collide with neighbors btu can collide with particales at the end of the object/substance. Therefore transferring energy more quickly unlike a solid which doesn’t have delocalized electrons.

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19
Q

How does the conductivity temperature/rate differ between metals?

A

The different no. of free electrons

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20
Q

Why does a metal feel colder than a non-metal at the same temperature?

A

Metal is a conductor of heat, when you hold it the metal conducts your body heat making it feel colder. Other solids or non-metals are insulators, they trap heat.

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21
Q

—– and —– expand when heated, as the spaces between particles is expanding. But once cooled will go back to normal(the spaces will go back to normal-contract)

A

metals and solids

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22
Q

Any matter above this temperature has Thermal energy

A

temperature zero

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23
Q

What are delocalized electrons?

A

free electrons that are not connected to any particular atom in a substance.

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24
Design a practical to test how well different metals conduct heat
- Gather rods of Aluminium, brass, Cu, stainless steel, and steel. - Attach these rods to the rod holder in the centre - Melt wax onto each rod and stick a piece of paper on it - heat the centre of the rod holder - The metal which is the highest conductor will allow the wax at the end of its rod to melt, allowing the piece of paper to fall. - Record the findings of which paper fell in which order.
25
convection happpens in ---- substances
Fluid (liquid and gases)
26
which crystals are heated with water to show convection current?
Potassium Premaganate(VII) a purple dye
27
Explain what happpens to particles in convection to create a convection current.(In water)
- Particles near the heat source gain kinetic energy and spaces between them expands(decreasing density) therefore they rise - Colder surrounding water sinks into their places and also heats up - once heated particles reach the top, they cool and start sinking - the newly heated particles rise, the cooled ones sinking in their place. - We now have a convection current.
28
Air and water are -----, air traps heat in clothes and water can make a thin layer in a swimmers diving suit next to their body keeping them warm.
Insulators.
29
What's radiation?
Energy that is transferred by IR waves
30
Properties of IR waves
- Travels through a vaccum - Travels very fast - Travel in straight lines
31
What is a heat sink essentially?
A cooling down element, uses its shape and colour to it's advantage to do this.
32
Transitor's heat travels to heat sink via...
Conduction
33
Heat sink's heat is *radiated* through...
it's *black* surface
34
Convection in Heat sinks | (where and how)
The heat recieved from transitor is transferred to surrounding air via convection air currents, this is helped by it's shape that allows for this process to happen more easily.
35
best to worst surface for *absorbing* of radiation: shiny, white, black
- black - white - Shiny
36
best to worst surface for *radiating* of radiation: shiny, white, black
- black - white - Shiny
37
# radiation The better the object is at being a ---- the worse of a ------ it is
1) reflector 2) Radiator | allow for them to be switched around
38
# Radiation Why is a shiny kettle good for preventing heat loss?
Shiny objects are poor emitters, meaning they're also poor absorbers of heat, this means they are good reflectors so any cool air trying to enter is reflected therefore keeping the liquid warm longer.
39
2 uses for IR radiation camera's
army and medicine. - army: find targets, weapons. - Emergency services/medicine: some special diagnosis's
40
Why is a vacuum used in a thermoflask?
Vaccum has no atoms/particles ergo heat cannot be lost via conduction nor convection.
41
How would I insulate the gap in a wall **cavity** to reduce heat loss?
Add insulating material such as foam or blow air into the cavity, this reduces heat loss via conduction as well as narrows space for air currents so less convection may occur.
42
3 Ways to insulate a wall cavity. | (name atleast 3)
- Thicker walls - Foam - Blowing/filling with insulative materials - Fibreglass - Air pockets
43
How would i insulate a window?
- Double Glazing: filling air pockets between panes with air(most likely Argon) - Adding curtains
44
How does double glazing help prevent heat loss?
Fills free area between panes with air, reducing risk of conduction and narrowing air spaces for currents so less air currents and therefore less heat loss by convection.
45
How may I insulate a roof?
- Fibre glass - Insulative material - Foam - Air pockets ## Footnote To reduce convection current and coduction.
46
2 ways to insulate a house
- Carpet - Curtains
47
What is "gravitational field strength"?
The force acting per kg in a gravitational field
48
State the formula relating work done, force, and distance?
W= F x d
49
State the formula of GPE
GPE = w x g x h ## Footnote g is the gravitational field strength, in IGCSE use 10 for the Earth
50
Formula of kinetic energy?
KE= 1/2 mv^2
51
Energy transfers in power station that uses fossil feuls?
Chemical in coal ----> thermal in water--->kinetic in steam --->Kinetic in fans ----> electrical in wires/transformer
52
Name the points where energy is lost in a power station using fossil feuls, then where it looses the most.
- Loss at furnace - Loss at turbines/fans - loss at running station - Loss at generator Most energy is lost at the turbines
53
Hydroelectric, wind turbines and nuclear power stations; which is the most efficient?(List in order from most to least)
- Hydroelectric - Wind turbines - nuclear plants ## Footnote * Not entirely efficient as all have thermal energy wasted. Nuclear plants dissipate the most while hydroelectric the least.
54
define nuclear fission
splitting large atom nuclei into smaller atom nuclei
55
Advantages of nuclear power plants
- No greenhouse gases - no pollution - 1kg of nuclear produces more than 1 million times that of 1kg of coal. - reliable - affordable
56
Disadvantages of nuclear power stations
- Radioactive waste - Non-renewable; will not last forever - Taking down/building a unit is expensive - if an accident occurs, harms environment
57
Type of pollution caused by natural gas power stations and the effect on the environment?
Produce Nitrogen oxide, can cause earthquakes and air pollution.
58
Formula of kinetic energy
KE=1/2mv^2
59
Advantages of bio-feul power plants?
The CO2 produced them is also absorbed by them
60
Advantage of wind power plants
- Reliabe - no pollution - can also be used for farming
61
Advantages of hydroelectric power plants?
- reliabe - no pollution
62
Advantages of tidal power plants?
- Reliable - large amounts of energy may be produced at intervals.
63
Advanatges of geothermal power plants?
- Reliable - small
64
Advantages of solar power plants?
- No gases - no pollution - good in remote areas
65
Disadvantages of solar power plants?
- Not reliable - use alot of land
66
Drawbacks of geothermal plants?
- Release harmful gases - Not suitable every where
67
drawbacks of tidal plants?
- Few suitable places - Impacts environment - impacts shipping
68
Drawbacks of hydroelectric plants?
- Ruin habitiats - Encourage flooding
69
Drawbacks of wind plants?
- noise pollution - ruin landscape - not reliable
70
Drawbacks of bio-feul power plants?
Take alot of resources needed to grow plants
71
Energy transfers in solar cells
Light energy from sun ---> Electrical in cables
72
Energy transfers in Wind power stations
Kinetic energy in the wind ----> KE in turbines ----> Electrical in cables
73
Energy transfers in Hydroelectric power stations
GPE store in water ---> KE in the water --->KE in turbines ---> Electrical in cables
74
Energy transfers in Tidal power stations?
GPE store in water--->KE in water--->KE in turbines ---->Electrical energy in cables
75
Energy transfers in wave power stations
KE in wave---> KE in turbines --->electrical in cables
76
Energy transfers in geothermal stations?
Heat energy in floor---> heat in water---->KE in water---> Ke in turbines----> Electrical in cables
77
Energy transfers in Biomas power stations?
Chemical in fuel--->Heat in water----> KE in water--->KE in turbines---->Electrical in cables
78
Energy transfers in nuclear power stations
nuclear in feul-----> Heat in water---->KE in water---->KE in turbines--->Electrical in cables

Physics (6 decks)

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