Year 12 Go agane Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
Which Australian ecumenical initiative was realized in 1977? (A) The Australian College of Theology (B) National Council of Churches in Australia (C) The National Home Mission Society (D) The Uniting Church in Australia
A
The Uniting Church in Australia
2
Q
In the 1996 Australian Census, approximately 67% of Aboriginal people said they were Christians. What has bought this about? (A) The ‘stolen generations’ (B) Aboriginal people losing their traditional beliefs (C) The urbanization of Aboriginal people (D) Christian missionary activity among Aboriginal people
A
Christian missionary activity among Aboriginal people
3
Q
Statement 1: Reconciliation is a process whereby Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and the non-indigenous citizens can move into the future with a renewed relationship. Statement 2: The Reconciliation process has generated hope for mutual understanding and respect. How do these statements relate to the process of Reconciliation? (A) Both statements are true. (B) Both statements are false. (C) Only Statement 1 is true. (D) Only Statement 2 is true.
A
Both statements are true.
4
Q
Census statistics from 1976 indicate that the number percentage of Presbyterians in Australia was 6.6%. Figures from 1991 indicate that the percentage of Presbyterians was 4.3%. What was the most significant cause of this decline? Denominational switching Secularisation Ecumenism Formation of the Uniting Church
A
Formation of the Uniting Church
5
Q
What is the significance of a person’s totem in Aboriginal spirituality? It identifies the animal into which a person will be reincarnated It is the spirit to which a person prays It determines a person’s relationship to the environment and to a kinship line It determines a person’s social caste
A
It determines a person’s relationship to the environment and to a kinship line
6
Q
An Aboriginal woman, Cheryl Ahoy, stated: ‘The first thing we believe is that God is everywhere and we don’t need to sit down in church to be near God, for our church is the land, trees, hills, rocks, rivers and valleys.’ To which idea does this statement lend support? Aboriginal people see a clear distinction between God and nature Aboriginal people have not changed their beliefs as a result of colonization Aboriginal people do not attend church regularly Aboriginal people have integrated Christianity into their belief systems
A
Aboriginal people have integrated Christianity into their belief systems
7
Q
For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the phrase “obligations to the land” refers to the Mabo decision. the effects of dispossession. the economic use of the land. the responsibility to care for and nurture the land.
A
the responsibility to care for and nurture the land.
8
Q
Which Aboriginal practice has been given a place in the worship of some Christian denominations? (A) Kinship (B) Smoking Ceremony (C) Breaking Bread (D) Circumcision
A
Smoking Ceremony
9
Q
Religious plurality in Australia is a direct result of (A) An increased number of Anglicans (B) Immigration (C) Ecumenism (D) Denominational switching
A
(B) Immigration
10
Q
The National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families, was launched in August in: (A) 1995 (B) 1985 (C) 1975 (D) 1965
A
(A) 1995
11
Q
Which of the following was NOT integral to the arguments presented by the Aboriginal people in support of traditional land ownership in Wik and Mabo? The elders’ customary possession The stories of the Dreaming The location of the totems The Torrens Title system
A
The Torrens Title system
12
Q
The Parliament of the World’s Religions held in Melbourne in 2010 is an example of? (A) Secularism (B) Ecumenism (C) New Age Religions (D) Interfaith Dialogue
A
Interfaith Dialogue
13
Q
- Burial in one’s ‘country’ is important in Aboriginal spirituality because Relatives can access the burial site The deceased’s spirit can be comforted Relatives can complete the burial rituals The deceased’s spirit can return to its ancestors
A
The deceased’s spirit can return to its ancestors
14
Q
Statement 1: Kinship within traditional Aboriginal society regulates social relationships, including Marriage. Statement 2: Totemism expresses a system of kinship within the natural world Which of the statements are correct? Both statements are true Both statements are false Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
A
Both statements are true
15
Q
The Mabo decision acknowledged that: Crown Land did not extinguish Native Title Pastoral leases held priority in title disputes Crown Land extinguished Native Title The High Court acknowledged the validity of ‘terra nullius’
A
Crown Land did not extinguish Native Title
16
Q
According to the most recent census figures, which religious tradition has the largest number of adherents in Australia? Christianity Buddhism Anglican Catholic
A
Christianity
17
Q
The Native Title Act (1993) acknowledged that: Native title is extinguished by leasehold rights Native title extinguishes leasehold rights Australia was unoccupied when European settlement occurred Native title can co-exist with non-Indigenous leasehold rights in Australia
A
Native title can co-exist with non-Indigenous leasehold rights in Australia
18
Q
A
The failure of non-Indigenous Australians to understand Aboriginal traditions and society
19
Q
Which aspects of the Dreaming are important to the cause of the Land Rights movement?
(A) The Native Title and Wik decisions
(B) The creation of missions and reserves
(C) Mutual understanding of spirituality as a key step to achieving Reconciliation
(D) Spirituality is founded on the principle that Indigenous people in Australia have an inseparable connection to the land
A
Spirituality is founded on the principle that Indigenous people in Australia have an inseparable connection to the land
20
Q
A
Interfaith dialogue
21
Q
NCCA is an abbreviation for the
(A) National Council of Communities in Australia.
(B) National Council of Christians in Australia.
(C) National Council of Churches in Australia.
(D) National Christian Councils in Australia.
A
National Council of Churches in Australia.
22
Q
With immigration increasing since 1945, Australia has become a multi-cultural society, with a strong need for inter- faith dialogue. An example of inter-faith dialogue occurs between:
(A) Sunni and Shiite Muslims
(B) Orthodox Jews and Progressive Jews
(C) Baptists and members of Pentecostal churches
(D) Baptists and Buddhists
A
(D) Baptists and Buddhists
23
Q
A
New Age religions
24
Q
A
Oriental Orthodox
25
Since 2001, which of the following churches has been the least affected by denominational switching?
Uniting
Catholic
Anglican
Pentecostal
Catholic
26
Which of the following defines secularism?
Being free from religion or spirituality
Adherence to a particular religion or sect
Atheism
Adherence to a new age religion
Being free from religion or spirituality
27
The Aborigines Act of 1905 provided: regulations may be made for the care, custody and education of the children of aborigines and half-castes and enabling any aboriginal or half-caste child to be sent to and detained in an aboriginal institution, industrial school or orphanage.
This Act reinforced policies and attitudes that directly contributed to which of the following?
Native Title claims
The Wik decision
The Stolen Generations
The Land Rights Movement
The Stolen Generations
28
The recent emphasis on individual fulfilment has led to the rise of which of the following?
New Age religion
Karma
Astrology
Monotheism
New Age religion
29
In a religious context, what is the meaning of the term adherent?
(A) A person who becomes a religious leader
(B) A person who follows a secular perspective
(C) A person who follows a religious perspective
(D) A person who takes part in religious dialogue
(C) A person who follows a religious perspective
30
What has been an effect of interfaith dialogue in Australia?
(A) The formation of the Uniting Church in 1977
(B) Joint social welfare work of the Christian churches in Australia
(C) The Reconciliation walk across the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 2000
(D) Joint statements on homelessness by representatives of religious traditions
Joint statements on homelessness by representatives of religious traditions
31
The process of Reconciliation in Australia promotes
ecumenism
interfaith dialogue
denominational switching among Christians
justice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
justice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
32
Which statement best expresses the fundamental basis of claims regarding Aboriginal Land Rights?
A political relationship where the people have sovereign power over territory
A spiritual relationship of the people to country
A formal legal relationship based on title deeds
An economic relationship of the people exploiting natural resources
A spiritual relationship of the people to country
33
33. What did the Wik decision mean for the Land Rights movement?
Mining companies gained free access to resources
Aboriginal people gained unlimited access to their ritual estate
Pastoral leases and native title rights could co-exist
Aboriginal people gained sole ownership over land of continuous habitation
Pastoral leases and native title rights could co-exist
34
Kinship for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is
the fabric of traditional Aboriginal society, defining where a person fits into their community
the rite of passage performed at different stages in one’s life
the passing of sacred stories from one generation to another
the sacred ritual performed at one’s birth
the fabric of traditional Aboriginal society, defining where a person fits into their community
35
The religious landscape in 1947 comprised 39% of the population being Anglican, 21% Catholic, 28% ‘Other Christian’ and about 0.5% professing adherence to non-Christian religions.
Which of the following is true according to the 2011 census?
There is a greater percentage of Anglicans than in 1947
There is a smaller percentage of Catholics than in 1947
There is a greater percentage of non-Christian adherents than in 1947
There is a greater percentage of ‘Other Christian’ adherents than in 1947
There is a greater percentage of ‘Other Christian’ adherents than in 1947
36
Which of the following led to the experiences of the people known as the Stolen Generations?
(A) The Bringing them home report
(B) The Aborigines Protection Act
(C) The White Australia Policy
(D) The Mission Station Act
The Aborigines Protection Act
37
Among the Undan Gnoora tribe of the Cooper region in Central Australia they talk of a time when the dry lake systems were once well watered and fertile … Giant gum trees growing nearby drew their sustenance from cooling rains. The unending stony desert of today was then an immense garden. James Cowan
Acknowledgement: Courtesy of James Cowan, author of “Mysteries of the Dreaming’, “The Aborigine Tradition’ and ‘A Mapmaker’s Dream’
What aspect of Aboriginal spirituality best relates to this quotation?
Art
Magic
Kinship
Dreaming
Dreaming
38
Which of the following enabled pastoral leases and Native Title to co-exist?
Mabo decision 1992
Native Title Act 1993 (Cth)
Wik decision 1996
Native Title Amendment Act 1998 (Cth)
Native Title Act 1993 (Cth)
39
The Mabo decision of 1992 made it clear that
the Land Rights movement had a legal case.
Eddie Mano had represented all Aboriginal people.
Native Title had been extinguished over freehold land.
Native Title was an entitlement for all future land claims.
the Land Rights movement had a legal case.
40
The rise of New Age religions is best explained by:
Abolition of the White Australia Policy
Post-war immigration
Changes in the governing structures of traditional, mainstream religions
Wider visions of enlightenment and fulfilment in society
Wider visions of enlightenment and fulfilment in society
41
Accounting for the present religious landscape in Australia, which are the predominant factors contributing to the current religious makeup?
Christianity’s historical dominance and denominational switching
Christianity’s historical dominance and immigration
New Age religions and sectarianism
Secularisation and immigration
Christianity’s historical dominance and immigration
42
One of the recommendations from the “Bringing them home” report was that
(A) terra nullius never existed.
(B) Aboriginal people did have obligations to the land.
(C) an annual national ‘Sorry Day’ should be celebrated.
(D) the Native Land Rights movement would be necessary.
(C) an annual national ‘Sorry Day’ should be celebrated.
43
43. What/Who has influenced statements on homelessness in Australia, producing a joint statement?
## Footnote
(A) The Uniting Church
(B) Joint social welfare work of the Christian churches in Australia
(C) The Reconciliation walk across the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 2000
(D) Interfaith dialogue
Joint social welfare work of the Christian churches in Australia
44
A continued effect of dispossession for Aboriginal spiritualities is their
increased totems.
ceremonial activity.
alienation from country.
reduction of tribal boundaries as determined by their clan size.
alienation from country.
45
## Footnote
45. ‘Perhaps the saddest legacy of this (mission) experience is that in many outback communities today, there is deep division between those who wish to defend the church to which they belong and those who wish to blame it for all the suffering they have experienced.’
Which response best accounts for the above quote?
Land Rights Movement
Stolen Generation
Reconciliation
Physical and spiritual connection of Aboriginal people to the land
Stolen Generation
46
47
What obligations are determined for Aboriginal peoples by the Dreaming?
Only obligations to self
Only obligations to the land
Obligations to non-indigenous community
Obligations to the land and people
Obligations to the land and people
48
Separation of Aboriginal peoples from their lands has led to a feeling of disconnection with their traditional lands
49
Statement 1: Native Title legislation recognises the validity of Aboriginal territorial law already
existing prior to European colonisation.
Statement 2: While not acknowledging actual land ownership the Native Title legislation allows restricted access to ancestral lands.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.
Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
50
Aboriginal spiritual affiliation with the land is a necessary requirement for recognition of Native Title. Which elements of the Dreaming constitute admissible evidence in Native Title Tribunal proceedings?
Past Land Rights claims
Stories, songs dances and sacred objects
Officially documented records of dispossession
Court records generated in the Mabo and Wik cases
Stories, songs dances and sacred objects
51
51. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census, which of the following best describes the current religious affiliation of Aboriginal peoples?
Christianity and Traditional Aboriginal Spirituality
Christianity
Traditional Aboriginal Spirituality
Christianity, no religious affiliation and Traditional Aboriginal Spirituality
Christianity, no religious affiliation and Traditional Aboriginal Spirituality
52
What is the National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA)?
(A) Political lobby group aiming to raise the profile of Christian Churches in Australia
(B) An ecumenical body aimed at establishing dialogue and practical cooperation between Christian denominations
(C) The welfare arm of the Wesley Mission
(D) A Christian foundation producing statements on ethical issues
An ecumenical body aimed at establishing dialogue and practical cooperation between Christian denominations
53
Which of the following is an initiative of the New South Wales Ecumenical Council?
Daffodil Day
Project Compassion
Refugee and Migrant Sunday
Red Shield Appeal
Refugee and Migrant Sunday
54
The main reason why interfaith dialogue is important is that it provides?
A forum for the discussion of social justice issues
A basis for the future merger of religious traditions
A structural basis for the development of secularism
Funding to support the work of the World Council of Churches
A forum for the discussion of social justice issues
55
How has Christianity changed in Australia since 1945?
Immigration has caused sectarianism and secularism to grow in Christian denominations
Funding arrangements for religious schools have caused Catholicism to grow
Ecumenism has caused Christianity to become a more dominant religion
Denominational switching has caused Pentecostalism to grow
Denominational switching has caused Pentecostalism to grow
56
Which of the following statements best reflects religion in Australia?
Australia is a multifaith society that believes in God
Australia is an ecumenical society
Australia is a multifaith society that fosters religious diversity
Australia endorses ecumenical relationships with Asia
Australia is a multifaith society that fosters religious diversity
57
Which three religions have experienced growth in Australia as a result of immigration since 1990?
Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism
Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam
Buddhism, Islam, Judaism
Hinduism, Islam, Judaism
Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam
58
Anglican
59
Which of the following accounts for the rise in the number of Buddhists in Australia in the 1970’s
Buddhist groups in Australia actively converting non-Buddhists
Immigration from Europe
People converting from Christianity
Immigration from Southeast Asia
Immigration from Southeast Asia
60
The “Bringing Them Home Report” enquired into
(A) The Native Title Amendment Act
(B) Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
(C) Land Rights and assimilation
(D) The separation of Aboriginal people from their families
The separation of Aboriginal people from their families
61
According to census data, what proportion of people in Australia identify with a religious tradition?
More than 60%
Between 50% and 60%
Between 40% and 50%
Less than 40%
More than 60%
62
Which of the following names the three major Christian denominations in Australia in decreasing size?
Anglican, Uniting, Catholic
Catholic, Anglican, Uniting
Anglican, Catholic, Orthodox
Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican
Catholic, Anglican, Uniting
63
“Populate or Perish” was an immigration policy introduced by Arthur Caldwell after which war?
The Boer War
World War 1
World War 2
Vietnam War
World War 2
64
Which statement best describes the increase of secularisation in Australia?
The growing commercialism of traditional religions
The lack of funds for established religions
The rise of materialism and individualism in society
The need for Interfaith Dialogue
The rise of materialism and individualism in society
65
Interfaith Dialogue
66
The traditional role of initiation ceremonies in Aboriginal spirituality has been to prepare young people:
For the effects of dispossession
For their struggle for Land Rights
To undertake adult responsibilities
To develop a relationship with the religious traditions
To undertake adult responsibilities
67
We apologise especially for the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families, their communities and their country. Kevin Rudd 2008
To what was Kevin Rudd referring in this part of the Apology to Australia’s Indigenous peoples?
(A) The ending of the White Australia policy
(B) Assimilation policies that had led to injustices
(C) The gap in health and education equity between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples
(D) The empowering of non-Aboriginal people in the decision-making process for Reconciliation
Assimilation policies that had led to injustices
68
In the year 2000, hundreds of thousands of people crossed the Sydney Harbour Bridge as a sign of solidarity with Aboriginal people. This was an example of:
(A) Reconciliation
(B) Ecumenism
(C) Kinship
(D) Land rights
Reconciliation
69
Which of the following is a typical feature of New Age religions?
(A) Foundational texts form the basis of all beliefs
(B) Individual fulfilment is sought
(C) Divine beings are worshipped
(D) Cult status is achieved
(B) Individual fulfilment is sought
70
In which of the following do both examples refer to ecumenical developments in Australia?
(A) Support for Aboriginal Reconciliation and the dismantling of the White Australia policy
(B) The formation of the National Council of Churches in Australia and the sharing of resources among rural Australian churches
(C) The formation of the Australian Partnership of Religious Organisations and the formal dialogue between the major world religions
(D) The Seventh Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Canberra and the Parliament of World Religions in Melbourne
The formation of the National Council of Churches in Australia and the sharing of resources among rural Australian churches
71
Which of the following best addresses the outcome of the Wik decision?
(A) Terra nullius was an accurate ruling.
(B) Aboriginal people could claim any parcel of land.
(C) Aboriginal communities had a right to Native Title.
(D) Pastoral leases and Native title claims could exist together.
(D) Pastoral leases and Native title claims could exist together.
72
The Stolen Generations initiated what?
(A) Acknowledgement of Kinship
(B) Native title challenges
(C) Immigration issues
(D) Bringing them home report
(D) Bringing them home report
73
A definition for Denominational Switching found on ASK.com stated the following:
“It means switching from one "brand" of religion to another, like switching your shopping from one supermarket chain to another. The reasons can be mundane or profound”
An example of Denominational Switching is:
An Anglican attending a new Anglican church in a different suburb
A Jewish adherent attending an Anglican service on a regular basis
A Catholic converting to Judaism
An Anglican attending a Pentecostal church every Sunday
An Anglican attending a Pentecostal church every Sunday
74
According to the overall census data since 1945, the number of Christians in Australia
has been
(A) decreasing at a steady rate.
(B) decreasing rapidly.
(C) steadily increasing.
(D) stagnating.
(A) decreasing at a steady rate.
75
How has dispossession evidenced itself in Aboriginal communities?
(A) Aboriginal culture has disappeared
(B) Aboriginal people have been assimilated into the white community
(C) Aboriginal spirituality often includes aspects of Christian teaching and practices
(D) Aboriginal people refuse to talk to white Australians
(C) Aboriginal spirituality often includes aspects of Christian teaching and practices
76
Aboriginal ceremonial life includes the following features:
(A) Corroborees, initiation and balance rituals
(B) Elaborate church services often held in cathedrals
(C) Kinship, country and ecumenism
(D) The ‘Freedom Ride’ and native title
(A) Corroborees, initiation and balance rituals
77
Secularism has become a noticeable feature in the Australian religious landscape because of:
(A) Immigration
(B) Changing from one Christian church to another
(C) The abolition of the White Australia policy
(D) The increase of the ‘No religion’ category in the Australian census
(D) The increase of the ‘No religion’ category in the Australian census
78
78. The National Council of Churches in Australia and the National Church Life Survey are examples of:
(A) Denominational switching
(B) Interfaith dialogue
(C) The influence of the Uniting Church of Australia
(D) Ecumenism
(D) Ecumenism
79
79. What is the purpose of ecumenical dialogue?
(A) Conversion
(B) Unification
(C) Social justice
(D) Mutual understanding
(D) Mutual understanding
80
80. Why are Elders in Aboriginal communities given significant status and respect?
(A) They promote modern non-Aboriginal spiritualities
(B) They possess valued sacred knowledge about Aboriginal spirituality
(C) They lead all negotiations among Aboriginal people about land rights claims
(D) They encourage young people from Aboriginal communities to enter the professions
(B) They possess valued sacred knowledge about Aboriginal spirituality
81
What would supporters of ecumenism be likely to reject?
(A) Sectarianism
(B) Reconciliation
(C) Interfaith dialogue
(D) Denominational switching
(A) Sectarianism
82
Since 2001, which of the following churches has been least affected by denominational switching?
(A) Uniting
(B) Catholic
(C) Anglican
(D) Pentecostal
(B) Catholic
83
83. What effect do the Native Title Act and the Mabo and Wik decisions have on Aboriginal spiritualities?
(A) They support the concept of terra nullius
(B) They discourage the economic ambitions of pastoralists
(C) They contribute to the revitalisation of Aboriginal traditions
(D) They address past economic injustices for Aboriginal Australians
(C) They contribute to the revitalisation of Aboriginal traditions
84
84. Within Aboriginal spirituality, which of the following requires ceremonial initiation?
(A) Belonging to ritual estate
(B) Adoption of language group
(C) Transition into adult roles
(D) Introduction to totemic group
(C) Transition into adult roles
85
## Footnote
85. Which of the following is true of totemic identity in Aboriginal spirituality?
(A) It is a life-force that symbolises relationships
(B) It encourages separation from one’s country
(C) It identifies a temporary relationship between individuals and their totem
(D) It connects individuals with the wider Australian community
(A) It is a life-force that symbolises relationships
86
A week of prayer in which many members of Christian denominations are brought together to pray for Christian unity and peace is an example of
The work of the Australian Council of Christians and Jews in Australia
The work of the National Council of Churches in Australia
The dialogue between Jews, Muslims and Christians
The dialogue between Catholics and Pentecostals
The work of the National Council of Churches in Australia
87
Taylor is planning a New Age religion study tour. Which destinations are most likely to be on the tour?
(A) The Ka’ba, Mecca and the River Ganges, India
(B) Angkor Wat, Cambodia and St Paul’s Cathedral, London
(C) The Wailing Wall, Jerusalem and Anzac Cove, Gallipoli
(D) Stonehenge, Salisbury and the Festival of Body, Mind and Spirit, Oslo
D) Stonehenge, Salisbury and the Festival of Body, Mind and Spirit, Oslo
88
## Footnote
88. Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Aboriginal spirituality?
(A) It places a high value on material possessions.
(B) It values competition within Aboriginal communities.
(C) It values competition between Aboriginal communities.
(D) It makes no separation between the spiritual and the secular.
(D) It makes no separation between the spiritual and the secular.
89
89. Which of the following statements about Aboriginal native title is true?
(A) The Wik Decision found that native title coexists with pastoral leases.
(B) The Bringing them home report was the first legal recognition of Aboriginal native title.
(C) The Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation recognised that native title exists over seabeds.
(D) The Mabo Decision responded to the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody.
(A) The Wik Decision found that native title coexists with pastoral leases.
90
Statement 1: New Age religions can be followed as an alternative to, or in conjunction with, other more traditional religious practices.
Statement 2: New Age religions focus on holistic health rather than on personal growth and individual fulfilment.
How do these statements relate to New Age religions?
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true
Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
91
Which statement best expresses the basis of Aboriginal Land Rights claims?
(A) A formal legal relationship based on title deeds
(B) A spiritual relationship of the people to country
(C) An economic relationship of the people exploiting natural resources
(D) A political relationship where the people have government control over territory
(B) A spiritual relationship of the people to country
92
According to current census data, which religious affiliation is most common among recently-arrived migrants in Australia?
(A) Islam
(B) Buddhism
(C) No religion
(D) Christianity
(A) Islam
93
What is secularism?
(A) A search for interfaith cooperation in society
(B) A concept that diminishes the influence of religion in society
(C) A school of thought emphasising allegiance to one’s religious group
(D) Communities and individuals who live in isolation and share a common belief
(D) Communities and individuals who live in isolation and share a common belief
94
Which of the following is a typical feature of New Age religions?
(A) Eucharist
(B) Meditation
(C) Communal worship
(D) Ordained female clergy
(D) Ordained female clergy
95
Which of the following best reflects the reason for ecumenism in Australia’s current religious landscape?
(A) A shared concern for social justice issues
(B) Increased awareness of the potential for interfaith dialogue
(C) A decline in the number of Christian adherents in the population
(D) The beginning of resource sharing including church buildings in rural Australia
(D) The beginning of resource sharing including church buildings in rural Australia
96
What best explains increasing interfaith dialogue in Australia since 1945?
(A) Growing secularism
(B) Increased sectarianism
(C) The work of the council for Aboriginal Reconciliation
(D) Catholic membership of the National Council of Churches (NCCA)
(D) Catholic membership of the National Council of Churches (NCCA)
97
The 1971 Australian Census exhibited a significant shift in responses to the question of religion. This shift is attributed to which of the following?
(A) The instruction “It is voluntary to answer the religion question”
(B) The inclusion of ‘Jedi’ as a distinct religious group
(C) The instruction: ‘If no religion, write ‘none’
(D) The inclusion of the Uniting Church as a separate Christian denomination
(C) The instruction: ‘If no religion, write ‘none’
98
Some Christian Churches use superficial gestures to incorporate Aboriginal spiritualities
99
Which of the following describes the focus of the Reconciliation movement?
(A) The idea that all Australians should apologise to the Aboriginal people
(B) The idea that indigenous Australians must actively seek justice for past wrongs
(C) The process that aims to enable Aboriginal and non-Indigenous people to move forward in a relationship based on mutual recognition and respect
(D) The process that aims to restore to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples all the land and sovereign rights that were originally theirs
(C) The process that aims to enable Aboriginal and non-Indigenous people to move forward in a relationship based on mutual recognition and respect
100
Which of the following was NOT a significant outcome of the Mabo decision?
(A) The overturning of the concept of terra nullius
(B) The acknowledgement that native title existed in 1788
(C) A finding that native title had been extinguished over freehold land
(D) All native title claims could now be excused
(D) All native title claims could now be excused
101
Which of the following was an outcome of the Mabo decision?
(A) Aboriginal people gained the right to purchase private property.
(B) The legal concept of terra nullius was re-examined and overturned.
(C) Aboriginal people could gain access to privately-owned land for spiritual purposes.
(D) The Commonwealth claim to terra nullius applied unless an ongoing spiritual connection to the land
could be demonstrated
(B) The legal concept of terra nullius was re-examined and overturned.
102
Why is kinship important in Aboriginal spirituality?
(A) It allows Indigenous and non-Indigenous spiritualities to forge relationships.
(B) It is an alternative to the hierarchical structure of religious traditions.
(C) It reinforces relationships that exist outside the natural world.
(D) It defines relationships in the community
(D) It defines relationships in the community
103
Which of the following had the effect of removing Aboriginal children from their families?
(A) Assimilation
(B) Multiculturalism
(C) Self-determination
(D) Self-management
(A) Assimilation
104
Which of the following was significantly affected by post-1945 migration to Australia from England?
(A) The number of Hindus in Australia
(B) The number of Catholics in Australia
(C) The number of Buddhists in Australia
(D) The number of Anglicans in Australia
(D) The number of Anglicans in Australia
105
(C) 3
106
“The most significant ecumenical event in Australia’s history”
Which of the following was Archbishop Francis Rush referring to?
(A) The formation of the Uniting Church
(B) The abolition of the White Australia Policy
(C) The creation of the Australian Council of Christians and Jews
(D)The establishment of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation
(A) The formation of the Uniting Church
107
Which of the following is true of Christianity as a religious tradition in Australia?
(A) Christianity is no longer the dominant religious tradition.
(B) Pentecostalism attracts more younger adherents than most other Christian variants.
(C) All Christian denominations are working towards changing some beliefs to achieve effective interfaith
dialogue.
(D) Christian denominations are committed to having a reduced role in the provision of educational and
welfare services.
(B) Pentecostalism attracts more younger adherents than most other Christian variants.
108
What do ecumenism and interfaith dialogue have in common?
(A) They both aspire to achieve a unification of beliefs.
(B) They both focus on promoting women into key leadership positions.
(C) They both aim at rationalising the use of buildings for shared worship.
(D) They both value religious harmony while respecting religious diversity.
(D) They both value religious harmony while respecting religious diversity.
109
Which of the following reflects a change in Australian Christianity from the 1950s to the present day?
(A) The average age of Christian adherents has decreased.
(B) Christian denominations are generally less multicultural.
(C) Pentecostal movements have increased significantly in size.
(D) The proportion of Catholics attending church regularly has increased.
(C) Pentecostal movements have increased significantly in size.
110
Statement 1: The rise of New Age religions can be mainly attributed to post-war immigration.
Statement 2: Secularism is a concept that increases the influence of religion in society. Which of the
following is correct?
(A) Both statements are true.
(B) Both statements are false.
(C) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true.
(D) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
(B) Both statements are false.
111
Which of the following statements best reflects religion in Australian society?
(A) Australia is a multi-faith community.
(B) Australia promotes one religion all citizens.
(C) Australia is an ecumenical country with all traditions.
(D) Australia is a multi-faith community that believes in one God.
(A) Australia is a multi-faith community.
112
Within Aboriginal spiritualities, which of the following has been a result of dispossession?
(A) The increasing significance of reserves.
(B) The declining importance of missions.
(C) The separation from kinship groups
(D) The removal of terra nullius
(C) The separation from kinship groups
113
Which of the following would followers of New Age religions be most likely to reject?
(A) Modern materialistic values.
(B) Neo-pagan belief systems
(C) Self-awareness
(D) Spirituality involving the supernatural
(A) Modern materialistic values.
114
Which of the following is an example of an ecumenical movement within Christianity?
(A) The Australian Council of Christians and Jews
(B) The Federation of Islamic Councils
(C) The Hindu Council of Australia
(D) The NSW Ecumenical Council
(D) The NSW Ecumenical Council
115
The National Council of Churches in Australia and the National Church Life Survey are examples of:
(A) Interfaith dialogue
(B) Ecumenical initiatives
(C) Denominational switching
(D) The influence of the Uniting Church of Australia
(B) Ecumenical initiatives
116
(A) Secularism and immigration
117
With regard to Aboriginal spiritualities, which government legislation created what is now known as the
“Stolen Generations”?
(A) Human Rights Protection Act (1968)
(B) Native Title Act (1993)
(C) Protection and Assimilation Acts (1869 – 1973)
(D) Racial Discrimination Act (1975)
(C) Protection and Assimilation Acts (1869 – 1973)
118
The High Court’s decisions in Mabo and Others v The State of Queensland (1992) directly provided the legal framework for the:
(A) Aboriginal Land Rights Act
(B) Native Title Act
(C) Native Title Amendment Act
(D) Wik Decision
(B) Native Title Act
119
Statement 1: Australia is a secular nation in that religious belief is just one option for both the state
and its people.
Statement 2: Australia is a secular nation in that God and religion are completely removed from the
public sphere.
Which of the following is correct?
(A) Both statements are true
(B) Both statements are false
(C) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true
(D) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false.
(D) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false.
120
Which of the following best describes the contribution of Aboriginal spiritualities to an understanding of religious beliefs and religious expression in Australia today?
(A) They have minimal influence because dispossession has destroyed them.
(B) They have stimulated the major religious traditions into fully integrating Indigenous and non-Indigenous
land-based spiritualities.
(C) They have led major religious traditions to confront their roles in the dispossession of Australia’s
Indigenous peoples and to commit their members to the process of Reconciliation.
(D) They have made a distinctive contribution to national values and identity by enabling Australians to
recognise that only unity, rather than diversity, leads to social harmony and complete Reconciliation.
They have led major religious traditions to confront their roles in the dispossession of Australia’s
Indigenous peoples and to commit their members to the process of Reconciliation.
121
SHORT ANSWER
Discuss the ongoing effect of dispossession on Aboriginal Spiritualities. (5 Marks)
Aboriginal spirituality has been suffering the effects of dispossession for hundreds of years carrying with it, a loss of culture and identity. This has been due to the ongoing endeavour of european culture on the indigenous people of Australia and has been significant in this dispossession. This was seen extensively through the stolen generation which occurred between 1910-1970. The stolen generation stripped the Aboriginal’s of their identity and culture. This still afffects the aboriginal spirituality to this day, affecting the totems, ceremonies, and elders. Many ceremonies have been forgotten or changed from the original ceremony due to the dispossession of identity and land due to the stolen generation.
122
SHORT ANSWER
Evaluate the importance of Ecumenism OR Interfaith Dialogue in the Australian Religious Landscape. (5 Marks)
Interfaith Dialogue is extremely important for the Australian Religious Landscape due to the results that can come from it. By religions coming together in order to solve large world issues and problems, they can use their religious adherents in order to change the world for good. The Australian National Dialogue of Christians, Muslims, and Jews (ANDCMJ) is a group run by the NCCA that engages in world issues and religious issues together. They have recently put a statement in their blogs about their approach towards assisting in the COVID-19 breakthrough.
123
SHORT ANSWER
## Footnote
Examine the relationship between Aboriginal spiritualities and religious traditions in the process of Reconciliation. (5 Marks)
Religions such as Judaism and Christianity have in recent years attempting to reconcile with the aboriginal people after 100s of years of dispossession and discrimination such as the stolen generation which occurred between 1910 - 1970s. Judaism especially has attempted to reconcile with the indigenous Australians. This is seen in the Emanuel Synagogue in Sydney as they are holding a series of events to enhance the Jewish communities understanding of the “Uluru Statement from the Heart” from 2019 and 2020. Religions such as Judaism attempt to reconcile to the Aboriginals based off of previous actions in hopes for a better interfaith dialogue with them.
124
SHORT ANSWER
## Footnote
Identify TWO contributions of a significant person or school of thought other than Muhammad and the Four Rightly Gudied Caliphs to the expression of Islam. (2 Marks)
and
Evaluate the impact of the contributions identified in Question 4 on the life of adherents. (5 Marks)
Al-Ghazali’s impact on Islam due to the intergration of Sufism and how he brought it into mainstream Orthodox practice as well as his impact on Hajj. Al-Ghazali revived the religious sciences through Book 38 Ihya which explored the importance of Muslim muraqabah (meditation). He preached that meditation was the path releasing spiritual excellence. Ghazali provided guidance on the stages of spiritual development for a Muslim. He emphasised the importance of Sufi practices in the spiritual lives of Muslims. This allowed Muslim adherents to embrace Sufism as an addition of Islam blah blah blah. Say same thing for second Hajj thing. Secondly, Al-Ghazali’s impact on Hajj through the first volume of Ihya, Ghazali provided guidance on the essentials of Muslim Practice through Book 7 “The Mysteries of Pilgrimage” He explores the Qur’anic exhortions to undertake Hajj and the spiritual benefits on can receive from making pilgrimage, seen in Sura 22:27.
125
SHORT ANSWER
## Footnote
“For your God is one God, so to Him surrender.” (Surat al-Haj:34)
Analyze how one significant practice enables Muslims to surrender to Allah’s will. (8 Marks)
Hajj is a significant practice that enables Islam adherents to surrender to Allah’s will. “For your God is on God, so to Him Surrender” depicts what a Muslim does when they go on Hajj. They surrender to Allah’s will and undertake pilgrimage in order to do that. The 6 day period of Hajj where they not only surrender themselves to Allah through many practices, but self reflect on themselves as Adherents and what they can do to further surrender themselves to Allah in their daily lives. Hajj allows the pilgrims to not only follow the model of Muhammad, but also commemorate the events associated with Abraham. Day 1 Muslims travel to Mina, the sprawling tent city which is an 8km walk from Mecca where they stay the night. Day 2 they spend the day at Arafat where they are in reverent prayer and collect pebbles at Muzdalifah for Day 3’s rites. On Day 3, Muslims throw stones at the pillars in order to stone the devil, just as Abraham did. Then on Day 4 and 5 they spend their final days in Mina where they return to Mecca in order to perform the final circulation of the Kaaba, a “farewell” tawaf. These rites performed during Hajj allow the adherent to relive the steps of Abraham and understand the pain and struggle he went to in order to surrender to Allah, just as they did. Hajj allows Muslims to surrender to Allah’s will just as Abraham did in order to comply to Islam monotheistic characteristic.
