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science > year 8 geology - rocks & minerals > Flashcards

year 8 geology - rocks & minerals Flashcards

1
Q

igneous rock

A

igneous rock is formed when magma or lava are cooled

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2
Q

metamorphic rock

A

if you put a sedimentary rock under heat and pressure

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3
Q

sedimentary rock

A

when sediments are placed under pressure or compacted

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4
Q

weathering

A

the disintegration and decomposition of rocks

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5
Q

physical weathering

A

causes rocks to disintegrate (smaller pieces)

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6
Q

chemical weathering

A

causes rock to decompose (change chemicals)

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7
Q

biological weathering

A

caused by plants and animals and its actions speed up mechanical and/or chemical weathering

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8
Q

exfoliation

A

repeated heating and cooling of rock can cause cracks to form

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9
Q

abrasion

A

the breaking away of rock by colliding particles

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10
Q

freeze thaw weathering

A

when water freezes it expands, taking up space

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11
Q

carbonation weathering

A

the mixing of water with CO2 from the air to make carbonic acid or acid rain

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12
Q

oxidation weathering

A

oxidation is a chemical reaction between some minerals in rock and the oxygen in the air (causes a colour change)

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13
Q

erosion

A

erosion is the transportation of sediments from weathering by water, wind, ice or gravity

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14
Q

water erosion

A

the transport of sediments by water from one location to another

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15
Q

wind erosion

A

the transport of sediments by wind from one location to another

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16
Q

ice erosion

A

the transport of sediments by ice from one location to another

17
Q

gravity erosion

A

the transport of sediments by gravity from one location to another

18
Q

horizontal axis

A

thing you change

19
Q

vertical axis

A

thing you measure

20
Q

rock cycle

A

volcanic eruption > igneous rock > sediment > sedimentary rock > metamorphic rock > magma

21
Q

age of rock

A

relative age - where rock layers are compare and rocks found lower are older
actual age - using radioactive dating fossils to date rock

22
Q

types of igneous rock

A

extrusive - forms when lava cools in the surface of the earth
intrusive - forms when below the surface of the earth

science (2 decks)

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