Year 8 Science Exam

Question 1

Respiratory system

Answer 1

Is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
Structure: lungs; windpipe; diaphragm

Question 2

Circulatory system

Answer 2

Is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones
Structure: hearts; veins; arteries
Problems: aneurysm, heart disease

Question 3

Digestive system

Answer 3

Function: It breaks down food into substances small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream
Structure: mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,

Question 4

Excretory system

Answer 4

Is a passive biological system that removes excess
Structure: kidneys, liver, bladder etc.
Function: process and filters out wastes and controls the amount and content of body fluid

Question 5

Sexual reproduction

Answer 5

Is when organisms rely on gametes fusing to make new organisms

Question 6

Asexual reproduction

Answer 6

For some organisms finding a partner to reproduce with is not an easy option. The organism splits in half to produce new organism. This is called binary fusion

Question 7

Gametes

Answer 7

A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex

Question 8

Selective breeding

Answer 8

is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females

Question 9

Pollination

Answer 9

Is the process by which pollen is transferred to the female reproduction organs of a plant, thereby enabling fertilisation to take place

Question 10

Cell theory

Answer 10

• all organisms composed of one or more cells
• cells are the basic structure of life
• new cells created from existing cells

Question 11

Pathogens

Answer 11

In the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

A self replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

Is a part of the Cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei

Question 14

Thermal energy

Answer 14

Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.

Question 15

Electrical energy

Answer 15

The flow of electricity

Question 16

Potential energy

Answer 16

Stored energy that can be used

Question 17

Elastic energy

Answer 17

Storing energy when an object deforms

Question 18

Gravitational energy

Answer 18

Lifting an object to where gravity can pull it back down

Question 19

Chemical energy

Answer 19

Energy stored in chemicals

Question 20

Biomass energy

Answer 20

Energy derived from plants and animals

Question 21

Nuclear energy

Answer 21

Energy stored in atoms

Question 22

Kinetic energy

Answer 22

Energy in motion

Question 23

Sound energy

Answer 23

The vibration of something

Question 24

Zygote

Answer 24

A zygote, is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes

Question 25

gestation

Answer 25

the process or period of developing inside the womb between conception and birth