Year 9 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Filtration
The process of separating solids and filtering any debris using a filter which only allows fluids to pass through.
Sterilisation
A process where you kill and remove any microorganisms (including bacteria). There are three ways to do this:
1)Ozone
2)Chlorine
3)UV Light
Waste water treatment
1)Screening- Removing large solids and grit
2)Sedimentation- Where heavy solids (called sludge) sink to the bottom and lighter solids (called effluents) stay at the top
Smelting
A process where metal ores are heated at high temperatures to extract the metal inside of them
Phytomining
The process of using plants to extract metals from soil
Process of phytomining
1)Plants are planted in soil which contains low grade metal ions
2)Ions are absorbed through the roots of the plants and concentrate ions
3)Plants are burnt and the metal (copper) reacts with oxygen to cause metal oxide (copper oxide)
4)Electrolysis- Metal is attracted to metal poles where you can then collect the copper
Disadvantages of mining
Expensive
Requires a lot of energy
Effects the environment
Smelting releases SO2 (sulphur dioxide an air pollutant)
Bioleaching
Bioleaching is the process of using microorganisms to extract metals from ores. Certain bacteria can break down low grade ores to produce leachate (acidic solution)
Describe how water fro, rivers and lakes are treated
1)Water is filtered where debris and larger solids are removed
2)Water is sterilised where any microorganisms are killed
Sustainable development
Finding a balance of developing a town or city without compromising the ability in the future, yet still meeting current needs.
Desalination (reverse osmosis)
1)Filtration and sterilisation
2)This water is then pressurised through a semi- permeable membrane. The membrane includes tiny pores only allowing tiny water molecules past.
3)Leftover concentrated salt is disposed of
Desalination (distillation)
1)Water evaporates
2)Water molecules boil and impurities stay behind
3)Steam is cooled and condensed to pure water
Greenhouse effect
1)Sun emits short wavelength radiation that enters atmosphere
2)Earth absorbs a portion of this radiation but longer wavelength radiation is emitted back to atmosphere
3)Greenhouse gases can’t absorb short length radiation emitted by sun but can absorb reflected radiation
4)The gases re-radiate this as heat energy, some of which heads back to earth. This increases Earth’s temperature
Combustion
A chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat
Incomplete combustion
When there is not enough oxygen to allow the fuels to react and burn
What does incomplete combustion release?
Soot
Carbon Monoxide
Unburnt fuels
How does Carbon Dioxide cause global warming?
Infra red radiation from the Earth’s surface is absorbed and trapped by carbon dioxide which increases temperature.
How did volcanoes affect gases in the earlyatmosphere?
Volcanic activity released water vapour, which condensed as the Earth cooled to form the oceans. Intense volcanic activity, which released gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen that made the early atmosphere.
What are life cycle assessments?
A way to analyse the ‘life’ of a product to see how much water and energy is used.
Process of Life Cycle Assessments
Raw materials➡️Manufactoring and Packaging➡️Usage of Product➡️Recycle/Waste management
What is a Formulation?
A mixture that has been designed as a useful product. (For example paracetamol and calpol are both formulations but in different forms to suit its purpose)
What’s a pure substance?
Has a specific and defined melting and boiling point
Balanced equation for photosynthesis
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Hydrocarbons
In fossil fuels
