Year 9 chemistry revision Atomic structure and bonding Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the structure of an atom?
An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells.
How does the size of the nucleus compare to the overall size of an atom?
The nucleus of an atom is very small compared to the overall size of the atom.
What is the relative charge of a proton?
Positive charge.
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1 atomic mass unit (amu).
What is the relative charge of an electron?
Negative charge.
Define atomic number.
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Define mass number.
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
What is unique to atoms of a given element?
Atoms of a given element have the same number of protons in the nucleus.
What is the relationship between protons and electrons in an atom?
Atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.
What is electron configuration?
The arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron shells.
How does the number of outer electrons relate to the periodic table?
The number of outer electrons determines an element’s position in the periodic table.
What is an ion?
An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.
Describe the formation of sodium ions.
Sodium ions are formed by the loss of one electron.
Describe the formation of chloride ions.
Chloride ions are formed by the gain of one electron.
How are ionic bonds formed?
Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons to produce cations and anions.
What is a covalent bond?
A pair of electrons shared between two atoms.
What results from covalent bonding?
The formation of molecules.
Using dot and cross diagrams, explain the formation of hydrogen.
Hydrogen forms by sharing one pair of electrons between two hydrogen atoms.
Using dot and cross diagrams, explain the formation of hydrogen chloride.
Hydrogen chloride forms by sharing one pair of electrons between hydrogen and chlorine.
Using dot and cross diagrams, explain the formation of water.
Water forms by sharing two pairs of electrons between two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Using dot and cross diagrams, explain the formation of methane.
Methane forms by sharing four pairs of electrons between one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
Using dot and cross diagrams, explain the formation of oxygen.
Oxygen forms by sharing two pairs of electrons between two oxygen atoms.
Using dot and cross diagrams, explain the formation of carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide forms by sharing four pairs of electrons between one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
Define ionic.
Relating to ions, or formed by the transfer of electrons.
