Year 9 end of year (Jeff) Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be spread from person to person.
Name four types of pathogens.
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists.
Give one way to prevent the spread of disease.
Washing hands, using disinfectants, or vaccination.
Name a disease caused by a virus.
Measles, HIV, or influenza.
Name a disease caused by bacteria.
Salmonella or gonorrhoea.
Give an example of a fungal disease.
Athlete’s foot or rose black spot.
Give an example of a protist disease.
Malaria.
Name a physical barrier to infection in humans.
Skin.
What do white blood cells do?
They engulf, digest, destroy pathogens and produce antibodies and antitoxins.
Name one sign of disease in a plant.
Spots on leaves, stunted growth, or decay.
Give one chemical defence of plants.
Production of antibacterial chemicals.
What is a mechanical plant defence?
Thorns or hairy leaves.
What is a vaccine?
A weakened or dead / inactive form of a pathogen used to stimulate an immune response
What do antibiotics do?
Kill bacteria without harming body cells.
Where do many drugs come from?
Plants or microorganisms.
What are the three main stages of drug testing?
Preclinical testing, clinical trials, and peer review.
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that cannot be spread between people.
What is a tumour?
A mass of abnormal cells.
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumours?
Benign do not spread; malignant can invade other tissues.
How does smoking affect health?
It increases the risk of cancer, heart disease, and lung diseases.
How do communicable diseases spread?
Through direct contact, air, water, or vectors.
What is a vector in disease transmission?
An organism that spreads disease without getting infected itself.
Why is isolation important in infection control?
To prevent the spread of contagious diseases.
How does HIV affect the immune system?
It attacks white blood cells, weakening the immune response.
