Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dt > year 9 term3 > Flashcards

year 9 term3 Flashcards

materials (97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the primary sources of materials for producing papers and boards?

A

Wood, bamboo, flax, hemp, kenaf, straw, sugarcane

Wood fibres are primarily sourced from faster growing softwoods rather than hardwoods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the first stage in the production of paper and board?

A

Making pulp

The natural cellulose fibres are mixed with water and cooked to produce a fibrous liquid known as pulp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors determine the final finish of paper or board?

A
  • Type of fibre used
  • Chemicals added during manufacturing
  • Addition of layers, coatings, or laminates
  • Bleaching level

Bleached pulp is used for high quality ‘bright’ paper.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is paper weight measured?

A

Grams per square metre (GSM)

Understanding different types of paper helps in selecting the right material for specific jobs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is bleedproof paper?

A

Smooth paper with a special coating to reduce absorbency

It resists bleeding and feathering, typically weighing around 70-80gsm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cartridge paper used for?

A

Pencil and ink drawings, paintings

Heavier cartridge paper (200gsm) is more suitable for watercolour and acrylic painting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does grid paper help with?

A

Drawing graphs, diagrams, plotting mathematical functions, adding scientific data

Printed squares or isometric grids aid in accuracy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are layout and tracing papers used for?

A

Working sketches and ideas

Layout paper is lightweight and smooth; tracing paper increases translucency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is cardboard characterized?

A

Heavy duty paper available in various thicknesses and strengths

Board is measured in microns; 1000 microns equal 1mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is corrugated cardboard made up of?

A

One or two outer flat layers and a corrugated layer

It is lightweight but strong, commonly used for delivery containers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is foil lined board used for?

A

Food-safe cartons for liquids

It has a waxy coating making it resistant to oils and liquids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is duplex board?

A

Made up of two layers with a wax coating for moisture barrier

Its smooth surface is suitable for offset printing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is foam board or foamcore used for?

A

Backing material for graphic signage, architectural models

It is rigid, lightweight, and cuts cleanly with a sharp blade.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is solid white board characterized by?

A

High quality board with a bright white finish, suitable for book covers

Weights range from 200gsm – 500gsm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ink jet card designed for?

A

Use with an inkjet printer

It has a special coating for increased stability and even ink coverage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the primary sources of materials for producing natural and manufactured timbers?

A

Natural and manufactured timbers

Natural timbers come from trees, while manufactured timbers are made from processed wood products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is natural wood categorized?

A

Natural wood is categorized as either hardwood or softwood

Each type has distinct characteristics and uses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the characteristics of hardwood trees?

A

Deciduous, drop leaves in autumn, slow growing, variety of colors and grains

Hardwood trees include species like oak and mahogany.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the characteristics of softwood trees?

A

Coniferous, evergreen, faster growing, wider grain

Common softwoods include pine and spruce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What makes wood a sustainable resource?

A

Can be grown and harvested responsibly in managed forests

This makes wood biodegradable and renewable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of felling in timber production?

A

Felling is the process of cutting down a tree

Traditional methods include saws and axes, while modern methods use chainsaws.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the working properties of timber?

A

Strength, toughness, elasticity, hardness

These properties affect the performance of the timber in various applications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fill in the blank: Softwood comes from _______.

A

coniferous trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Balsa wood known for?

A

Soft, lightweight, strong in relation to weight

Used for prototypes and model aircraft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are some common uses of hardwood?
Furniture, musical instruments, boats, interior panelling ## Footnote Mahogany is a popular choice due to its aesthetics and durability.
26
What are the advantages of using softwood in construction?
Cost-effective, readily sourced, lightweight ## Footnote Examples include pine and larch.
27
What is tonewood?
Wood with tonal properties ideal for stringed instruments ## Footnote Examples include spruce and mahogany.
28
How are manufactured boards created?
Made from sawmill scraps, recycled wood, and adhesives ## Footnote Common types include MDF and plywood.
29
What are some advantages of using manufactured boards?
Large board sizes, tough, relatively inexpensive ## Footnote Ideal for applications like flooring and kitchen worktops.
30
What is a common natural defect found in timbers?
Knot ## Footnote Knots can affect the appearance and strength of the wood.
31
Which types of timber are used for window frames?
Pine, oak, cedar, beech ## Footnote Selection depends on durability and aesthetics.
32
What materials are typically used for timber external cladding?
Larch, cedar, oak, pine ## Footnote These materials provide weather resistance and aesthetics.
33
What is the significance of the strength-to-weight ratio in timber?
Indicates how much load the timber can support relative to its weight ## Footnote Important for applications requiring lightweight yet strong materials.
34
True or False: Hardwood grows faster than softwood.
False
35
What are the primary sources of materials for producing metals and alloys?
The Earth's crust contains metallic minerals found in rock or ore.
36
What does the word 'metal' originate from?
The ancient Greek word 'metallon', which means to mine, excavate or extract from the ground.
37
What is ore and how is it obtained?
Ore is obtained by mining and contains metals that are extracted.
38
What factors influence the cost of extracting metals?
The reactivity of the metal with air, water, or acids; more reactive metals are more expensive to extract.
39
What is the process used to extract metals such as copper, iron, and zinc?
These metals are heated with carbon to extract the metal.
40
How is iron extracted from iron ore?
Iron is extracted using a blast furnace and the process of smelting.
41
What is 'hot metal' in the context of metal extraction?
Hot metal is the liquid state of metals drawn off during the smelting process.
42
What is rust and how is it formed?
Rust is iron oxide formed when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture.
43
What are ferrous metals?
Ferrous metals contain iron and may rust.
44
What is ductility?
Ductility is the ability of a metal to stretch without being damaged.
45
What is malleability?
Malleability is the ability of a metal to be hammered into shape without breaking.
46
What is the difference between hardness and toughness in metals?
Hardness is a material's ability to withstand abrasion; toughness is how well a metal can absorb energy and resist fracturing.
47
What is tensile strength?
Tensile strength is the amount of tensile stress a material can withstand before breaking.
48
What is the main element combined with iron to produce steel?
Carbon.
49
What are the properties of low carbon steel?
Tough, ductile, and easily welded.
50
What are non-ferrous metals?
Metals that do not contain iron.
51
List some desirable properties of non-ferrous metals
* Lightweight * Good conductivity * Ductile and malleable * Resistant to corrosion
52
What is galvanising?
The process of adding a protective coat of zinc to iron and steel to prevent rusting.
53
What is electrical conductivity?
How easily an electrical current can flow through a metal.
54
What are some common non-ferrous metals?
* Aluminium * Copper * Tin * Zinc
55
What is tin commonly associated with?
Tin can is actually a steel can with a thin coating of tin, known as 'tin plating'.
56
What is an alloy?
A combination of two or more elements to improve working properties and appearance.
57
What is stainless steel made from?
Iron, a small amount of carbon, and chromium.
58
How is tin used in household items?
Tin is used in 'tin cans' and is soft, ductile, and malleable.
59
What is the technique called that involves working with recycled cans?
Kapoaka.
60
What is oxidisation in metals?
A process where non-ferrous metals like copper and bronze may develop a thin layer of tarnish over time.
61
What is patina?
A thin layer of tarnish that appears on the surface of oxidised metals.
62
What is Verdigris?
A natural patina occurring on copper, often green in hue.
63
What are the primary sources of materials for producing polymers?
Finite resources such as coal, natural gas, crude oil and renewable materials like vegetable starches ## Footnote Renewable materials are used to create bio-plastics.
64
What are the two types of plastics?
* Thermoforming * Thermosetting
65
What happens to thermoplastics when heated?
They become soft and flexible, allowing remoulding without affecting physical properties.
66
What are thermosets?
Plastics that cannot be reformed once set into shape due to strong chemical bonds.
67
What is plastic memory?
The tendency of thermoplastics to try to return to their original shape after reheating.
68
What are the pros of thermoplastics?
* Repeatedly heated and moulded * Good surface finish * Can be recycled
69
What are the cons of thermoplastics?
Not suitable for areas of heat or UV sensitivity.
70
What are the pros of thermosets?
* Hard and durable * Good structural rigidity * Waterproof when solid * Good electrical insulator
71
What are the cons of thermosets?
Cannot be remoulded.
72
What is blow moulding?
A process for forming hollow plastic items.
73
What is extrusion?
Creating objects with a cross-section profile.
74
What is injection moulding?
Injecting softened plastic into a mould.
75
What is vacuum forming?
Forcing a sheet of softened plastic onto a mould.
76
What is polyethylene?
The most common thermoplastic with over 80 million tonnes produced globally each year.
77
What are the types of polyethylene?
* Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) * High density polyethylene (HDPE) * Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
78
What are the uses of polyethylene terephthalate?
Lightweight, chemically resistant, stable, easily blow moulded.
79
What are the uses of high density polyethylene?
Lightweight, rip and chemical resistant, stiff, recyclable, tough.
80
What are the uses of low density polyethylene?
Flexible, tough, high strength to weight ratio, easily extruded into sheets.
81
What is polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
A thermoplastic widely used for packaging, pipes, outerwear, electrical tapes, and children's toys.
82
What are the properties of polypropylene?
* Lightweight * Ductile * Chemically resistant * Easily cleaned
83
What is high impact polystyrene (HIPS)?
A thermoplastic that is shatterproof, flexible, and lightweight.
84
What is acrylic polymethyl-methacrylate?
A versatile and hard-wearing thermoplastic available in various thicknesses and colours.
85
What are resin identification codes used for?
To easily separate thermoplastics for recycling.
86
What are epoxy resins?
A class of thermosetting polymers supplied as two liquids: a resin and a hardener.
87
What is polyester resin used for?
* High-performance coatings * Object embedding * Composite materials
88
What is formaldehyde in the context of thermosetting plastics?
An early compound used to create thermoset products like melamine and phenol formaldehyde.
89
What are the properties of melamine formaldehyde?
* Hard thermoset * Good resistance to heat, chemicals, and moisture * Prone to chipping
90
What is urea formaldehyde used for?
* Manufacturing electrical fittings * Treating textiles for easy care properties * Improving tear strength in paper
91
what is the common textile we use everyday?
wool, cotton, polyester, silk , leather
92
natural fibre
wood, silk, cotton
92
Textile categories
natural fibre, synthetic fibre, blended and mixed fibre, wool and non-wool and fibre knit textile
93
synthetic fibre
polyester, elastane, nylon
94
cotton
a fruit harvested from a cotton plant
95
silk
cocoon of the larvae of a silkworm
96

Dt (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions