Year b11 Respiratory System

Question 1

What does structure allow?

Answer 1

efficient flow of air into and out of the lungs so exchange can occur

Question 2

Nasal Cavity

Answer 2

convolutions that warm/humidify air, and increases surface area to trap dust with mucus and hair.

Question 3

Pharynx

Answer 3

Throat
passage of air, protection

Question 4

Epiglottis

Answer 4

flap of connective tissue that closes of trachea to prevent food entering the lungs

Question 5

Larynx

Answer 5

Organ of voice, air passes-vocal cords vibrate

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

wind pipe
carries air to lungs, epithelial cells of c-shaped cartilage ring lines with mucus that traps foreign substances, cilia moves it upwards to be swallowed.

Question 7

Ribs

Answer 7

framework for chest

Question 8

Bronchi

Answer 8

2 primary from trachea , branch into secondary, then to tertiary, lined with cilia and mucus.

Question 9

Bronchioles

Answer 9

branch from tertiary bronchi, elastic muscle allows for control of air flow.

Question 10

Intercostal muscles

Answer 10

between ribs, contract and relax to change lung volume

Question 11

Lungs

Answer 11

occupy chest cavity, coated with pleural membrane and pleural fluid, sticking to chest and preventing friction.

Question 12

Diaphragm

Answer 12

separates chest from abdomen. Contracts, flattens, changing volume.

Question 13

Steps of inspiration

Answer 13

Breathing in
1. intercostal muscles contract, moving rib cage
1. diaphragm contracts, moving down
2. thoracic volume increases, lungs expand, pressure decreases.
3. air flows into lungs in response to pressure gradient.

Question 14

Expiration steps

Answer 14

breathing out
1. rib cage moves inward/downward
1. diaphragm relaxes, upward into chest.
2. thoracic volume decreases, pressure increases.
3. air flows passively out, in response to pressure gradient gradient.

Question 15

How is concentration gradient maintained?

Answer 15

constant flow of blood
movement of air

Question 16

what happens between alveolus and capillary

Answer 16

-air flows into and out of alveoli as we breath
-artery to lung (pulmonary) brings deoxygenated blood to capillaries
-CO2 diffuses from higher concentration to lower in alveolus.
-O2 diffuses from higher to lower concentration into blood.
-oxygenated blood leaves capillaries of alveoli and taken to heart.

Question 17

Why are lungs well suited for gas exchange?

Answer 17

-large SA due to alveoli, increases diffusion.
- each alveolus is well supplied with blood vessels
-wall of alveoli is one cell thick
-lungs deep inside body to prevent evaporation-moist surface allows diffusion
-lungs can change volume to maintain concentration gradients.

Question 18

what is respiration?

Answer 18

the exchange of gases between atmosphere, body cells, and blood.