Yearly Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is the alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and (Turkey?)
What is the Triple Entente?
France, Great Britain and Russia (Belgium, colonies USA?)
What is the Entente Cordiale?
‘Friendly agreement’ between Great Britain and France. Both needed Sudan, almost war, entente Cordiale 1904
What is the Arms/Naval Race?
- 1906-1914
- Race to build more and better warships (GB and Germany)
What is the Moroccan Crisis?
- Germany arrives in Morocco and provokes France
- France had colonised
- Tried to convince Morocco to revolt
List the causes of World War 1 (9)
- Imperialism and colonialism
- Arms race/naval race
- Moroccan crisis
- Alliance system/Entente
- The Balkan crisis
- Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
- Scramble for Africa
- Invasion of Belgium
- Encirclement/ German paranoia
How did imperialism and colonialism contribute to WW1?
- rivalries
- undermined cultural, religious and political structures
- nationalism developed
How did the arms/naval race contribute to WW1?
- Beef between GB and Germany
- Trying to one up each other and threaten
- Tightened military ties between Paris and st Petersburg
How did the Moroccan Crisis contribute to WW1?
- Rivalries
- Insecurity in Germany
- Triggered arms race, increased German vulnerability
How did the Alliance system/Entente contribute to WW1?
- Germany becomes paranoid
- Alliances formed to strengthen bonds
- Wilhelm viewed entente Cordiale as an alliance against Germany, retaliates
How did the Balkan crisis contribute to WW1?
- Wars undermined peace
- Limits of control over events within Europe exposed
How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand contribute to WW1?
-Austria-Hungary targeted by Serbia, Germany gets involved, Russia gets involved etc (I think??)
How did the scramble for Africa contribute to WW1?
- Beef?
- ‘sphere of influence’
(Sorry Mia idk)
How did the invasion of Belgium contribute to WW1?
-Belgium was invaded?
How did German paranoia/encirclement contribute to WW1?
- Paranoia, forms alliances
- Fights back
Summarise the causes of WW1
- Examine how peace was maintained to clarify origins of war
- Crucial decisions made by ministers who had previously favoured peace but were now willing to risk war in pursuit of more assertive policies
- Arms race impacted German thinking, fears of encirclement
- Great powers threatened
- War considered to stop loss of power
When’s did Nicholas 2 become Tsar of Russia?
1894
- God appointed Tsars
- Didn’t have skills to lead Russia
What did Tsars believe about ruling?
- God given right
- unlimited control over people of Russia
- Pro military outlook
- Anti Semitic
Nicholas as an autocrat was…?
- politically naive (Japan)
- only accepting to advice he wanted to hear
- didn’t accept guidance from anyone
- used propaganda to earn love
- ruled a police state, secret police would kill opposers
- censorship to give Russians a good image of leadership
- absolute power over law
- deprived others of power (Dumas)
Background of Russian empire?
- 23 different nationalities
- Russians only 40% of empire (132 million)
- 77% peasants
- All social classes hated Tsarist regime
Middle/upper class liberals?
- Supported Union of Liberation
- Wanted Russia to become a democracy w constitution
Socialist intellectuals?
- Marxism
- Social Democratic Party (Bolsh/Mensh)
- Revolutionary
- Favoured peasants
Economic situation in Russia 1900s?
- brink of crisis
- failed harvest, inflation, economic depression
- increased workers riots and strikes
- Nicky thinks granting reforms would undermine autocratic power
Nobility
- 1% of population
- relied on gov. salaries
- spent more than earned, blamed gov
