yeo transdermal

Question 1

are dead cell permeable

Answer 1

no

Question 2

what are the layers of the skin that you need to rememebr

Answer 2

stranum corneum
living epidermis
dermis

Question 3

containment function

Answer 3

confine underlying tissues and restrain their moevemtn

Question 4

microbial barrier function

Answer 4

ph of skin is 5, which inhibits the growth of bacteria
sebum contains bacteristatic and fungistatic fatty acids

Question 5

chemical barrier function

Answer 5

permeability resistance of stratum corneum is several order of magnitude greater than other barrier membranes of the body

Question 6

radiation barrier function

Answer 6

exposre the UV stimulates synthesis of melanin, which absorbs UV rays

Question 7

electrical barrier

Answer 7

offers high impedance to the flow of an electrical current
need to treat the skin skin solutions and overcome the impendance to measure body potenials. use granular salt suspensions, creams, pastes containing electrolytes

Question 8

thermal barrier

Answer 8

maintains 98.6 by dilating/contracting blood vessels or sweating

Question 9

topical

Answer 9

local effects

Question 10

transdermal

Answer 10

systemic drug delivery

Question 11

surface effects of topical drug delivery

Answer 11

zinc oxide paster for diaper rash
sun blocks and sun screens
lip balms for chapped lips
calamine lotion
antbiotics
deodorants
medicated soaps

Question 11

stranum corneum effects topical drug delivery

Answer 11

emolliency: softening horny tissue
keratolysis: chemcial digestion and reomval of horny tissue

Question 12

antiperspirants

Answer 12

aluminum chloride

Question 13

acne

Answer 13

soap, alcoholic solutions antibiotics
retinoids

Question 14

hair removers

Answer 14

depilatories

Question 15

for deep tissues

Answer 15

topical corticosteroids

Question 16

NSAIDS topical

Answer 16

diclofenac

Question 17

local anesthetics

Answer 17

benzocaine

Question 18

lighten excessively pigmented skin

Answer 18

hydroquinone

Question 19

skin cancer topical tx

Answer 19

5-fluorouracil

Question 20

Ointments

Answer 20

hydrocardon bases
silicone bases
absorption bases
water soluble bases

Question 21

hydrocarbon bases

Answer 21

HYDROPHOBIC
petrolatum***
polyethylene dossolved*****

Question 22

silicone bases

Answer 22

2nd most hydrophobic
contains polydi ethylsioxane oil

Question 23

absorption bases

Answer 23

2nd most hydrophilic
ointment containing W/O emulsifiers

Question 24

water soluble bases

Answer 24

MOST HYDROPHILIC polyehylene glycol ointment *************

Question 25

pastes

Answer 25

thick form of suspension ointments into which high concentration of insiluble particulate solids are added

Question 26

creams

Answer 26

O/W or W/O emulsion

Question 27

gels

Answer 27

liquid phase trapped in matrix of a natural or synthetic polymer

Question 28

rigid foams

Answer 28

air or other gas emulsified in a liquid phase like whipped cream liquid phases may contain a drug aerosol shaving cream, medicated quick-breaking antiseptic foams

Question 29

what delivers drug over a longer period of time

Answer 29

transdermal patch

Question 30

backing membrane

Answer 30

top of patch

Question 31

two requirements for drugs to go trhough skin***********

Answer 31

lipophilic and small *****************

Question 32

what does high partition coeffinciat mean? (K o/w)

Answer 32

LIPOPHILIC!!!!!!!****

Question 33

patch is useful for drug with:

Answer 33

high skin permeability low rose requirement

Question 34

membrane modulated

Answer 34

scopolamine nitroglycerin has all layers

Question 35

adhesive disperson

Answer 35

nitroglycerin deponit has rate controlling adhesive

Question 36

matrix disperson

Answer 36

nitroglycerin nitrodur backing membrane and drug with adhesive making matrix

Question 37

nitroglycerin

Answer 37

low half life prevents angina (chest pain) membrane modulated

Question 38

rivastigmine

Answer 38

dementia patch matrix dispersion

Question 39

transdermal contraceptive

Answer 39

norelgestromin and EE matrix type system

Question 40

drug diffusion through skin

Answer 40

protein rich cells (bricks) separated by thin layer intercellular lipids 1. across the cellular-intercellular regions in series 2. across the lipid intercellular spaces 3. across thin lipid layers sandwiched bw flattened protein cells

Question 41

factors affecting permeability

Answer 41

hydration solubility of drug in stranum corneum excipients pH

Question 42

how to enhance permeation

Answer 42

1.chemical enhancer 2.low-voltage electrical enhancement 3.high voltage electrical enhancement 4.microneedles and thermal poration

Question 43

iontophoresis

Answer 43

uses low voltage electrical current to drive charged drugs thtough the skin

Question 44

electroproation

Answer 44

1. used high voltage to create transient pores in the skin 2. early stage, but very good

Question 45

ultrasound

Answer 45

uses low frequncy ultrasonic energy to disrupt the sratum coreum

Question 46

prodrugs

Answer 46

make lipophilic

Question 47

chemical penetration enhancers

Answer 47

alcohol. dimethyl sulfoxide, surfactants, acetone, ethyl acetate

Question 48

ionic surfactants

Answer 48

enhancer disorder the lipid layer of stranum corneum to swell and/or leach out some of the structural components, thus reducing the diffusional resistance

Question 49

ascorbate, dithiothereitol

Answer 49

reducing agents disrupt disulfide bonds of proteins in keratinized cells

Question 50

azone

Answer 50

nonpolar, oily liquid. fluidize intacellualr lipid lamella region of stranum corneum

Question 51

dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)

Answer 51

dipolar solvent. enter aqeuous region of strunum corneum, interact with the lipid polar heads to expand hydrophilic region bw the polar heads