Yoga Anatomy Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are the main types of connective tissue?
Tendons - connect muscle to bone (fibrous)
Ligaments - connect bone to bone (provide flexibility and movement)
Fascia - unites surface layers to muscles, organs and bones (superficial, deep, subserous)
Also, collagen, elastin, scar tissue
What are the main types of joints?
Cartilaginous - minimal mobility
Fibrous - tight fusion, no movement
Synovial - lubricated, free movement
Name the key bones of the body.
Skull, mandible, cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, clavicle, scalpula, humerus, sternum, ribs, ulna, radius, Illium, Ischium, Sacrum, Coccyx, Femur, Fibula, Tibia
Hands - Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Feet - Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Bones are comprised of which tissues?
Compact tissue - (cortical) provides protection
Spongy tissue - (cancellous) within the structure of the bone
Periostecum - outer membrane
Marrow - gel-like material which produces stem cells
What two groups of bones is the skeletal system comprised off/
Axial - skull, spine, ribcage
Appendicular - pelvis, shoulders, limbs
How many bones do we have in our bodies?
About 270 at birth
206 by adulthood
Define the terms:
Superficial Deep Flexion Extension Hyperextension Proximal Distal
Superficial - close to the surface
Deep - far from the surface
Flexion - decreases the angle of the joint
Extension - increases the angle of the joint
Hyperextension - extends the joint beyond anatomical position
Proximal - closer to the head
Distal - further from the head
Define the terms:
Prone
Supine
Adduction
Abduction
Prone - to lie flat, chest down
Supine - to lie flat, chest up
Adduction - toward the midline
Abduction - away from the midline
Define the terms:
Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral
Superior - closer to the upper part of the body
Inferior - further from the upper part of the body
Anterior - toward the front
Posterior - toward the back
Medial - toward the center, or midline
Lateral - away from the center, or midline
What nerve does the chanting of “OM” stimulate?
The Vagus nerve - part of the autonomic nervous system that works with the heart, lungs and digestive system.
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Sympathetic - fight or flight
Parasympathetic - relaxation, slowing down
Name three functions of the nervous system?
Sensory - perceive external stimuli and information from the organs
Response - voluntary/involuntary
Integration - coordination of sensory and response functions
What comprises the nervous system?
Central NS - brain, spinal cord
Peripheral NS - nervous
*Neurons, which communicate through neurotransmitters
What chakra is usually associated with which part of the endocrine system?
Root - Reproductive glands Sacral - Adrenal Solar Plexus - Pancreas Heart - Thymus Throat - Thyroid Third Eye - Pituitary Crown - Pineal
What two hormones does the pancreas produce?
Insulin and glucogen
What does the thymus produce?
A hormone used to develop T Cells, white blood cells that protect the body against viruses and infections.
What does the thyroid gland do?
Produces hormones that control metabolism
What areas of the body does the pituitary gland influence?
Stress, reproduction, blood pressure, metabolism and growth.
What is the main function of the pineal gland?
Production of melatonin, which regulates sleep.
Name the key skeletal muscles.
Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius, Quadricep. Rectus Femoris, Hamstrings, Psoas, Pectorals, Trapezius, Biceps, Tricpes
Muscles is made of which two proteins?
Actin and Myosin
What does “isometric” mean?
When a muscle contracts but no movement occurs and the muscle does not lengthen or shorten.
What is an isotonic concentric or eccentric contraction?
A muscle contraction that causes the joint to move–concentric, muscle shortens, eccentric, muscle lengthens.
How many vertebrae are there?
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 1 sacrum (5 bones fused) 1 coccyx
