You and your genes Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

Where are chromosomes found?

A

In the nucleus of most cells

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2
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In chromosomes

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3
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA with the genetic code for making a particular protein

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4
Q

Where are structural proteins found?

A

In muscles/hair

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5
Q

What are the two proteins that genes are responsible for making?

A

Structural proteins & enzymes

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6
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does each human body cell contain?

A

23

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7
Q

How do parents pass their genes onto their offspring?

A

Through their sex cells

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8
Q

What are the different versions of a gene called?

A

Alleles

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9
Q

Do sex cells contain 1 or 2 chromosomes?

A

1

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10
Q

When an egg and sperm cell join together, how many chromosomes does the fertilized egg contain?

A

23, one chromosome from each pair comes from the mother, one from the father (which we get is random)

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11
Q

Which gender receives XX chromosomes?

A

Females

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12
Q

Which gender receives XY chromosomes?

A

Males

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13
Q

What determines the gender of a human baby?

A

Whether the sperm carries an X or Y chromosone

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14
Q

How can people of some societies CHOOSE the gender of their child?

A

Through IVF fertility treatment

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15
Q

What are the ethical issues with choosing the gender of your child?

A

Effects the balance of genders in society/some think we shouldn’t be able to choose

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16
Q

What are the ethical issues with choosing the gender of your child?

A

Effects the balance of genders in society/some believe is is against God or nature

17
Q

What does SRY stand for?

A

Sex-determining Region Y

18
Q

What does the SRY gene do?

A

Causes testes to develop into an XY embryo

19
Q

What are androgens?

A

Male sex hormones (without these, the embryo develops into a female)

20
Q

What does the term ‘variation’ refer to?

A

The difference in individuals of the same species

21
Q

What factors does genetic variation affect?

A

Eye colour/height etc

22
Q

What factors does environmental variation affect?

A

Scars/climate etc

23
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

Shows is an individual has two copies of it, eg the allele for blue eyes (you need both copies)

24
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Always shows even if the individual only has one copy, eg the allele for brown eyes (you only need one copy)

25
What is an example 'carrier'?
Someone with a gene for both brown and blue eyes could still pass down the blue eye gene, even though they have the dominant brown eye gene
26
What kind of allele causes Cystic Fibrosis?
Recessive
27
What are the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?
Thick, sticky mucus in their lungs and airways
28
What kind of allele causes Huntington's disorder?
Dominant
29
What are the symptoms of Huntington's disorder?
Problems with controlling your muscles/forgetfulness
30
What is an example of a 'carrier'?
Someone with a gene for both brown and blue eyes could still pass down the blue eye gene, even though they have the dominant brown eye gene