"You'll See This Again" Flashcards
(27 cards)
CGIAR
(Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research) - to improve quality of food, not just amount of food.
Created in 1960s to create centers of research on food production around the world.
4 Conditions for FOOD SECURITY
- Availability: the total available food in the economic system either grown locally or imported
- Access: the economic systems in place to access food and water
- Distribution: whether the culture of a society discriminates against a group of people by not allowing them to have food security
- Utilization: the quality of the food you are eating and your own health
Dependency Theory
States that the only way to break this cycle of dependence and poverty is a series of policies that have us access our own natural resources and use them to industrialize here.
1) . High Tariffs
2) . Limit Imports
3) . Nationalize Private Industry
4) . Discourage Foreign Investment
5) . Borrow money to build industry that would be owned by the state
Structuralism
economists focused on the structural obstacles blocking the Third World’s path to development - it is the power structure of the world that leads to winners and losers and rich countries and poor countries
If you’re poor, you will stay poor forever
Stages of Growth
- Hunter-gatherer society
- Traditional society
- Transition Stage
- Takeoff Stage
- Dry-to-Maturity Stage
- High-Mass Consumption Stage
Cameroonian Economist
Values and culture are the mother and the children are institutions
Parts of Institutions:
- Legitimacy - accepted as a legitimate institution in the community
- Resilience - When institutions are in severe stress, they still function
- Efficient
- Stable - the longer institutions are around, the better they function
3 Concepts for Human Needs/New Directions
Community development run by NGOs
Theory of Human Services - Nixon’s reforms
New Directions - also Nixon
Government Coalition has 3 tools
Personnel: control over personnel appointments
Permits: access to valuable resources
Contracts: building bridges, buildings, etc.
5 kinds of agency
Political agency Economic agency Social agency Transparency guarantees Protective security
Do we know if democracy increases economic growth?
Nope. It is Attempt to organize the public to demand proper implementation of the law and services
No country has gone from a LDC to Middle Income or to Wealthy Advanced without first
developing its agricultural sectors to have large storage - you have to modernize factories so more people can farm 100 acres, not just some farmers to two acres. 100 acres allows you to massively increase the surplus from farming
Preventative vs. Curative Care
Curative care cures you once you’re sick, preventative care treats you before you’re sick so you don’t get sick
IFI
international financial institutions.
World Bank, IMF, Regional Development Banks
There is no development bank in Islam because in Islam, interest is not allowed
IFIs are having trouble because the models they use to sustain themselves aren’t working as well anymore
We are going to need the banks to deal with food crisis before we have political revolutions
African Development Bank (AfDB)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
Islamic Development Banks
OECD
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
24 committees, one is on development assistance
It sets policy for aid organizations
DAC
Development Assistance Committee
Follow up of the marshall plan to coordinate wealthy countries’ policies on development, economics, etc. Part of the OECD
Bilateral Aid
country to country aid
Multilateral Aid
int’ org aid to a country (62 UN Agencies, World Bank, IMF, Regional IDBs/IFIs)
IMF
defenders and protectors of Washington Consensus and International Economic Order - helps balance accounts, supports countries
Brenton Woods Institutions
in 1946, most of these organizations didn’t exist
UN Charter
the right to be from something and the right to something
This is the architecture of the international system today
Periods/timelines of institutions
1946 -1961: first period of these institutions
1991-2022: Second Period; Collapse of the USSR, Cold War ends (we were the main power)
Period in which people decided how we are going to do development
2022-future: we are now entering the third period
Concessional vs. non-concessional lending
There are conditions on lending (lower interest rate is required to be paid on the loans - subsidized by the rich countries)
Non concessional lending means you pay the full interest rate
If your income is above a certain amount, you are ineligible for concessional lending
MDGs
Millennium Development Goals
10 objectives that countries were supposed to reach
Developing countries have an equal obligation to deal with corruption
