Young bones

Question 1

What is the top part of the bone called?

Answer 1

Proximal epiphysis

Question 2

What is the bottom part of the bone called?

Answer 2

Distal epiphysis

Question 3

What are the top and bottom growth plates called

Answer 3

proximal and distal physis

Question 4

What are the differnet zones of growth plate startung from closest to epiphysis

Answer 4

Reserve zone- resting zone
Proliferative zone- zone of proliferating cartilage
Zone of maturation and hypertrophy
provisional zone of calcification

Question 5

What does the reserve zone contain

Answer 5

scattered small chondrocytes- small amount, resting cartilage here

Question 6

What does the Proliferative zone contain

Answer 6

Chondrocytes Larger than and more than reserve zone

bone starting to form

Question 7

What does the zone of maturation and hypertrophy contain

Answer 7

Chondrocytes are starting to become calcified

Calcium incorparate into bone

Question 8

What does the provisional zone of calcification contain

Answer 8

calcified cartilage turning into normal bone

this is where growing of long bone takes place

Question 9

How do children grow? rates boys vs girls

Answer 9

Before puberty girls and boys grow roughly the same rate.
When puberty hits rate slows down
Girls hit puberty earlier than boys

Question 10

How can we measure the rate of growth in the labatory?

Answer 10

Using the marker alkaline phosphate to measure osteoblastic activity to measure the rate of bone turnoer

Question 11

How does bone growth affect the observed levels of ALP?

Answer 11

As bones grow ALP increases

Question 12

Explain the ossification of the carpels in the hand from birth

Answer 12

Birth- No carpels
1-3 moths- Capitate ossifies
2-4 months- Hanmate ossifies
2-4 years- Triquetral ossifies
Lunate ossifies
4-6 years- Scaphoid
Trapezium
Trapezoid
8-12 years- Pisiform

Question 13

What are the main fractures in a child’s bone 4

Answer 13

Greenstick
Torus
Complete- Spiral
Salter-Harris

Question 14

What is a torus fracture

Answer 14

The bone buckles, but the integrity of the surface of the bone on the CONVEX side is maintained

Question 15

What is a greenstick fracture

Answer 15

Bone is bent such as to damage the CONVEX surface —but the fracture is incomplete

Question 16

Where does a greenstick fracture usually happen

Answer 16

Mid-diaphyseal

Question 17

How does a torus fracture heal

Answer 17

Bone remodels overtime

No treatment needed

Question 18

What is a Salter-Harris fracture

Answer 18

Growth plate fracture

Question 19

What happens to a greenstick fracture overtime

Answer 19

May or may not need manipulation

Question 20

What is Salter Harris Fracture 1

Answer 20

Epiphysis moved completely

Bone still intact

Question 21

What is Salter Harris Fracture 2

Answer 21

fracture is on the main part of the bone rather than in the epiphysis itself.

Question 22

What is Salter Harris Fracture 3

Answer 22

Fracture on the epiphysis

Question 23

What is Salter Harris Fracture 4

Answer 23

Fracture on both epiphysis and bone

Question 24

What is Salter Harris Fracture 5

Answer 24

Crush fracture bone has been compressed

So growth plate may be damaged that way

Question 25

How can greenstick fracture be caused

Answer 25

Crushing blow on side of bone rather than squishing it

Question 26

What are causes of rickets?

Answer 26

Prematurity Nutrition Maternal vit D deficiency Lack of sunlight

Question 27

Why does prematurity cause rickets?

Answer 27

not all of your organ systems are actually working yet

Question 28

What are the symptoms of rickets

Answer 28

Skeletal changes and bone pain | Bowing of legs

Question 29

Where is the most impact of rickets?

Answer 29

Where growth is greatest - long bones