YR7 EoY revision

Question 2

What is fetch?

Answer 2

The length of water over which the wind has blown.

Fetch is a critical factor in wave formation, influencing wave size and energy.

Question 3

What factors influence wave size and energy?

Answer 3

The strength of the wind, the duration it blows, and the distance of the fetch.

A stronger and longer wind over a greater fetch leads to bigger waves.

Question 4

How do waves alter our coastline?

Answer 4

Waves shape the coastline through processes of erosion and deposition.

Climate change can impact these coastal processes and landforms.

Question 5

What is the difference between constructive and destructive waves?

Answer 5

Constructive waves have a strong swash and weak backwash; destructive waves have a weak swash and strong backwash.

Constructive waves build up beaches, while destructive waves remove sediment.

Question 6

What type of wave has a weak swash and strong backwash?

Answer 6

Destructive waves.

These waves are steep and close together, leading to significant erosion.

Question 7

What type of wave has a strong swash and weak backwash?

Answer 7

Constructive waves.

These waves are low and further apart, contributing to the building of beaches.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The stronger the wind is and the __________ it blows for, the __________ the distance of the fetch, the __________ the waves will be.

Answer 8

longer; further; bigger.

Question 9

How does the wind affect wave formation?

Answer 9

The wind drags down on the surface of the sea, causing water to move in a circular motion.

This motion changes to an elliptical orbit as the water shallows.

Question 10

What happens when the wave reaches shallow water?

Answer 10

The bottom of the wave touches the sand, slows down, and the top becomes higher and steeper until it breaks.

This process leads to the formation of swash and backwash.

Question 11

What is swash?

Answer 11

The water that runs up the beach after a wave breaks.

It is followed by backwash, which returns water to the sea.

Question 12

What is backwash?

Answer 12

The water that returns to the sea after swash.

It is influenced by gravity and can erode the beach.

Question 13

What are the characteristics of constructive waves?

Answer 13

• Strong swash
• Weak backwash
• Low and further apart

These characteristics help to build up beach material.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of destructive waves?

Answer 14

• Weak swash
• Strong backwash
• Steep and close together

These characteristics lead to sediment removal from the beach.

Question 15

True or False: Constructive waves create a steep beach.

Answer 15

False.

Constructive waves create a gentle beach.

Question 16

True or False: Destructive waves add sediment to the beach.

Answer 16

False.

Destructive waves remove sediment from the beach.

Question 17

What happens to waves as they approach the shore?

Answer 17

They slow down and change from a circular to an elliptical motion.

This change is due to friction with the seabed.

Question 18

What occurred at Holbeck Hall in June 1993?

Answer 18

A rotational landslide occurred, causing 1 million tonnes of cliff to fail and destroying the hotel at the top of the cliff.

The landslide happened over a couple of days and is an example of a rotational landslide.

Question 19

Define a rotational landslide.

Answer 19

Rotational slides occur on curved surfaces where more resistant rocks are over underlying weaker rocks.

This geological phenomenon is characterized by the rotation of earth material along a curved surface.

Question 20

What factors affected Holbeck Hall’s stability?

Answer 20

Holbeck Hall was affected by a number of factors including:
* Human causes
* Physical causes

Understanding both human and physical factors is essential for assessing the risks of living in coastal areas.

Question 21

What is the main question for discussion regarding coastal living?

Answer 21

Nobody should be allowed to live in coastal areas. To what extent do you agree? If you agree, you must explain how you would make changes.

This question prompts critical thinking about coastal management and safety.

Question 22

What are the steps to structure an assessment response about Holbeck Hall?

Answer 22

The assessment should include:
* Introduction
* Description of what happened
* Possible causes (human and physical)
* Conclusion on who/what is most responsible

This structure helps organize thoughts and arguments clearly.

Question 23

What evidence is required to assess responsibility for the Holbeck Hall tragedy?

Answer 23

Top 5 pieces of important information about Holbeck Hall that will help decide who is responsible for the tragedy.

Gathering specific details will strengthen the argument in the assessment.

Question 24

What is one of the emotional responses from those affected by the Holbeck Hall landslide?

Answer 24

The owner expressed being upset and disbelief at how fast everything happened.

Personal accounts provide insight into the human impact of natural disasters.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: A good example of a rotational landslide is the _______ landslide.

Answer 25

Holbeck Hall landslide. ## Footnote This is a significant event in the study of coastal erosion and landslides.

Question 26

What is the primary concern for people living at the coast?

Answer 26

The ongoing threat of coastal erosion and potential landslides. ## Footnote Coastal areas are increasingly at risk due to natural and anthropogenic factors.

Question 27

True or False: The Holbeck Hall landslide resulted in the collapse of the hotel due to gradual erosion over many years.

Answer 27

False. ## Footnote The landslide occurred suddenly over a short period, rather than being a gradual process.

Question 28

What precautionary steps should be taken to prevent tragedies like Holbeck Hall from happening again?

Answer 28

Precautionary steps include: * Improved coastal management * Regular monitoring of cliff stability * Public education on risks ## Footnote These measures can help mitigate risks for coastal residents.

Question 29

What does the acronym PEE stand for in the context of structuring an assessment?

Answer 29

Point, Evidence, Explanation. ## Footnote This method is commonly used in writing to structure arguments clearly.

Question 30

What is one possible human cause contributing to the Holbeck Hall landslide?

Answer 30

Development and construction near the cliff edge. ## Footnote Human activities can destabilize natural landforms and increase the risk of landslides.

Question 31

What is one possible physical cause contributing to the Holbeck Hall landslide?

Answer 31

Erosion from weather elements and geological instability. ## Footnote Natural processes can weaken the structural integrity of cliffs, leading to landslides.

Question 32

What is relief in geography?

Answer 32

Relief refers to the shape of the land.

Question 33

What do contour lines typically indicate on a map?

Answer 33

The height above sea level.

Question 34

What does it mean if contour lines are closer together?

Answer 34

The slope is steeper.

Question 35

What does it mean if contour lines are further apart?

Answer 35

The slope is gentler.

Question 36

What formation do contour lines indicate a hill?

Answer 36

Contours in a closed loop.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The closer the contour lines, the _______.

Answer 37

steeper the slope.

Question 38

How often are contour lines drawn on most OS maps?

Answer 38

Every 10 meters.

Question 39

True or False: Contour lines show the height and shape of land.

Answer 39

True