Zatchot 1-5 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Classification of immune system
-its divided into 2 :
1-adaptive : which is specific 20 line of defense protects the organism and it have two type: humoral components, cellular components
2-innate : non specific 1 line of defense and it has two types : cellular and humoral components
Comparison of innate and adaptive immunity
1-Adaptive immunity:
1.1 A lag period
1.2 antigen specific
1.3 development of memory
-2 innate immunity:
2.1 no time lag
2.2 not specific
2.3 no memory development
explain the Cells of immune system
—there is 2 type of cells :
1-Myeloid cells :
1.1 Granaulocytes : neutrophils , basiphils , Eosinophil’s
1.2 Monocytes : Macrophages, Kupffer cells , Dedtic cells
2- Lymphoid cells :
2.1 T cells : helper cells , Supperssor cells , cytotoxic cells
2.2 B cells : Plasma cells
2.3 Natural killer NK cells
Function of the immune system
1- to protect from pathogens by :
1.1 intracellular mechanism: for viruses, bacteria, parasites
1.2 Extracellular mechanism: most for bacteria, fungi, parasites
2- to eliminate modified or altered Self
Effect of Immune system
1- Beneficial:
1.1 protection from invaders
1.2 Elimination of altered Self
2-Detrimental:
2.1 discomfort and collateral damage ( inflammation)
2.2 damage of self : hypersensitive reaction
describe The anatomical barrier, mechanical factors
1-System organ : Skin
2- cell type : squamous epithelium
3-mechanism: physical barrier
4-components : sweat
5-mechanism of sweat : Antimicrobial fatty acids
6- skin and mucosa membrane
7-Normal flora
8- mechanism of Antimicrobial substance : Competition for nutrients and colonization
explain the humeral immunity mechanism
-Mechanism:
1- the microbial antigen is ingested by APC , and partially fragments from tye microbes bind with the MHC type 2 IgA complex in onther surface of APC
2-A helper T cells specific for presented antigen
3-then the T cells activate appropriate B cells by releasing IL-2 to it
4-the inter act between TH and B cells causes differentiate into a plasma cells and memory cells
5-plasma cell produce Antibodies
explain igD
1-type : Monomer
2-how many antigen can bind : 2 antigen
3-size : small
4- biological function are unknown
5- draw it
explain IgM
1-type : pentamer
2-how many antigen can bind :10 antigen
3-size : large
4- concentration in the blood : 1,05 - 1,35 g/L
5- how many times its need to work : 3-4 days after contact with bacteria
explain IgG
1-type : monomer
2-how many antigen can bind :2 antigen
3-size : smal
4- concentration in the blood : 10,5 - 12,5 g/L
5- how many times its need to work : 7-10 days after contact with bacteria
explain the IgE
1-type : monomer
2-how many antigen can bind :2 antigen
3-size : small
4- concentration in the blood : less then 100 international unit
5- how many times its need to work : 7-10 days after contact with parasites
— when you draw it draw it above the Mast cell
explain the IgA
it have two shape
—serum :
1-type : monomer
2-how many antigen can bind :2 antigen
3-size : small
4- concentration in the blood : 1,57-2.1g/L
5- how many times its need to work : 14-21 days after contact with bacteria
—-secretory :
1-type : Diamer
2-how many antigen can bind :4 antigen
3-size : mid
4- concentration in the blood : absent in blood
5- how many times its need to work : 14-21 days after contact with bacteria
what pathegones are cellular immune can portect from ?
1-viral infection
2-some fungai nfection
3-parasitis diseas
4-some bactria such as sinosides
the cellular iommune respons for what ?
1- deylad haypersenstivty
2-transplantion rejaction
3-possable tumer survalince
the main function of T helper cells
1- t Helper they mnatin the intensity of the body immune respones
2-T cytocoxic which are dirctly attack the antigen on the surface of the forgein cells
diifraince betwen T cells and natural killers
— Tcells
1- time : 1-2 hours
2- antigen spicifc : NO
3- receptor on surface : (CD16) cluster of differentiation 16
— NK
1- time : 3-4 days
2- antigen spicifc : yes
3- receptor on surface : (CD8) cluster of differentiation 8
common propirties of T helpers and NK
1- the smae group factor = iL-2
2- Conatin Granules wiht potant chemical
3-they both killes Cancer cells and virus cells
explain the antiviral mechansim
1-antigen phagocytes by apc and exposed digstion
2-As result of digstion formed chain of amino acid 15-20 amino acid
3-this chain exhbited on the surface of APC and presnting TH1
4-the TH1 produce Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Interferons (IFNs) which activate T killers
5-T killers binds its target and and cuases apoptosis of the target cell
Explain the. anaphylaxis Type 1 , symptms and diseas
1-Ag
2-Apc
3-iL-2,4
4-B Cells
5-plasma Cells
6-IgE
7-Mast cell
8-degranulation
9-inflammatory mediators in blood
10-Symptoms
—symtopms :
1-Edema
2-hyperemia : redness in the face
3-senzzing
4-runny noise
5-whizzing
6- red watery Eyes
—Example of disease:
1-asthma
2-food allergy
3-anaphylactic shock
4-Rhinitis
5-eczema
explain The Anaphylaxis Type 2 mechanism , symptoms , Ex of disease
1-Ag
2-Apc
3-TH2
3-iL-2,4
4-B cells
5-plasma Cells
6-IgM,g
-> then:
1-Activate complement system
2-increase Phagostosis
3-immgration of neturphils to site of inflammation
4-damage of own cells
-symptoms:
1-Anemic
2-leukpeina
3-lymphopina
4-thrombocytopenia
-Ex of disease:
1-immune hemolytic anemia
2-hemolytic disease of new born
3-blood group incompatibility
explain type 3 immune complex mediated , symptoms , exmples of diseases
1-Ag
2-Apc
3-Th2
4-iL-2.4
5-B lymph
6-Plasma cells
7-IgM,G > Soulable
8- Cic ( circulating immune complex )
9-Depostion of blood vessles
10-actvation of complmet system
11-Vasculaitis
— Symptoms : visculatitis inflammtion of blood vessles
– ex of diases :
1-SLE
2-Acute glumeronphritis
3-Rhumatic fever
4-Rhamatiod arithrositis
explain type 4 deylaed hypersinstivity , symptoms , exampls of diseas
1-Ag
2-Apc
3-Th1
4-IFN
5-TNF
6-actvation of microphages
7-accumlation of microphages on the site of inflammation
8-cellular infltrat swiling
–symptoms:
1-induartion symptoms
2-erythmia
3-cellular inflatret
4-swiling
–EX of disease :
1-tubrclosis
2-Lyprosy
3-Syphalis
4- Allergic :
4-1 contact drematistis
4-2 rejaction of graft
4-3 autoimmune diease
