Zoology

Question 1

Charles Bonnet came up with what type of evolution?

Answer 1

Linear

Question 2

Charles Bonnet wrote?

Answer 2

Traité d’insectologie (1745)

Question 3

Who are the three figures that studied evolution through zoology

Answer 3

Charles Bonnet, Robert Chambers, and Georges Buffon

Question 4

What were Charles Bonnets postulates (ideas)

Answer 4

1. life is organized hierarchically
2. life is organized on a simple scale of complexity
3. life appears on earth during a historical sequence
4. life is like a “chain of being”

Question 5

who came up with the idea of complexity (minerals to humans)

Answer 5

Charles Bonnet

Question 6

Although there are some significant differences in the views of Charles Bonnet and Robert Chambers there is also on important similarity. Identify this similarity

Answer 6

evolution is a preordained evolutionary process

Question 7

Robert Chambers came up with what type of evolution?

Answer 7

Parallel

Question 8

What did Robert Chambers write?

Answer 8

Vestiges of the natural history of creation (1844)

Question 9

why was Robert Chambers book published annonymously?

Answer 9

Because this meant revolution/radical thinking. Evolution meant atheism beliefs meaning chaos to many

Question 10

Robert Chambers kept what notion from Bonnet?

Answer 10

Complexity but noticed that simple life forms exist all they way through the scale

Question 11

What were Robert Chambers Postulates (ideas)

Answer 11

1. species are being truly modified by evolving from a simple form to complex
2. life forms are not related together (parallel lines)
3. each life form originally appeared through an act of “spontaneous generation”
4. life forms went through similar stages but stopped at various levels (stopped meaning temporary could change)

Question 12

Georges Buffon came up with what type of evolution?

Answer 12

Divergent

Question 13

Georges Buffon wrote?

Answer 13

natural history (1749-1788)

Question 14

what are Georges Buffon’s postulates (ideas)

Answer 14

1. life is organized around separate families, composed of closely related forms
2. members belonging to the same family are united by the fact they can reproduce together
3. the same family evolved out of a unique ancestor (divergence)

Question 15

key points in Buffon’s theory

Answer 15

1. evolution is mechanistic (not preordained but by the impact of the environment)
2. evolution is confined within distinct biological types
   3.is not driven by adaptation but by degeneration (if they are not living in the best conditions they are being modified in a negative way)