Zoology Final

Question 1

What is zoology?

Answer 1

study of animal life

Question 2

What are characteristics shared by all animals?

Answer 2

responds to environment, grow and change, reproduce, metabolism, homeostasis, made of cells, heredity

Question 3

What are the characteristics of animal cells?

Answer 3

membrane bound nucleus

Question 4

Are animals generally haploid, diploid, triploid, or something else?

Answer 4

diploid

Question 5

What is the difference between traditional phylogeny and molecular phylogeny?

Answer 5

traditional is by appearance, molecular is by genetics

Question 6

Classification levels

Answer 6

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 7

dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior

Answer 7

dorsal: top
ventral: under
anterior: front
posterior: end

Question 8

What is learning?

Answer 8

new behaviors due to an experience

Question 9

What would an ethologist study?

Answer 9

animal behavior in natural habitats

Question 10

What is the etymology of the term protozoa?

Answer 10

“first animal”

Question 11

Compare protozoa and metazoa

Answer 11

protozoa and metazoa are eukaryotic with no cell wall. Protozoa are unicellular, metazoans are multicellular

Question 12

How do poriferans obtain their food?

Answer 12

filter feeding

Question 13

Major structures of sponges and functions

Answer 13

osculum, spungocoel

Question 14

What is meant by hermaphroditic?

Answer 14

organism has male and female sex organs

Question 15

Contrast sexual and asexual reproduction in sponges

Answer 15

asexual is just budding. Sexual involves the sperm moving from the choanocytes to the eggs in amoebocytes

Question 16

Where are sponges usually found?

Answer 16

mostly marine, all aquatic

Question 17

How does the body symmetry of cnidarians compare with the body symmetry of poriferans?

Answer 17

poriferans are asymmetrical or radial, cnidarians are radial

Question 18

What unique cell type do cnidarians have that allows them to sting prey?

Answer 18

Cnidocytes

Question 19

Contrast the medusa and polyp forms of cnidarians

Answer 19

medusas face down, polyps face up

Question 20

What are the names of the two cell layers in cnidarians?

Answer 20

ectotherm and endotherm

Question 21

Describe the relationship between coral polyps and algae

Answer 21

coral gives algae a home, algae gives coral energy

Question 22

Examples of flatworms, roundworms, and annelids

Answer 22

flatworms: planarians and tapeworms
roundworms: pinworm
annelids: earthworm and leech

Question 23

What is cephalization? Which organisms were the first ones we studied that evolved cephalization?

Answer 23

Cephalization is the development of a head. The first organism is the worm

Question 24

Where are tapeworms typically found?

Answer 24

intestines

Question 25

Are most roundworms parasitic or free-living?

Answer 25

parasites

Question 26

What are the characteristics of a complete digestive system?

Answer 26

mouth and anus

Question 27

What are the repeating body segments of annelids called?

Answer 27

metameric

Question 28

How do annelids excrete cellular waste products?

Answer 28

through a pore, the nephridiopore

Question 29

What is a coelom?

Answer 29

main body cavity

Question 30

How does having a coelom benefit an organism?

Answer 30

effective digestion

Question 31

What is the second-largest phylum in the animal kingdom?

Answer 31

molluska

Question 32

What type of circulatory system is found in most mollusks?

Answer 32

open

Question 33

What is the basic body plan of mollusks?

Answer 33

head, foot, visceral mass

Question 34

What are the characteristics of bivalves?

Answer 34

no head, smaller foot, lateral shells, large mantle

Question 35

What are the characteristics of gastropods?

Answer 35

visceral mass dorsal to foot, head and tentacles

Question 36

What are the characteristics of cephalopods?

Answer 36

modified foot, mouth with a hard beak, head between visceral mass and arms

Question 37

How has the mollusk foot been modified in cephalopods?

Answer 37

shorter tentacles

Question 38

How do bivalves feed?

Answer 38

filter feeding

Question 39

How do gastropods feed?

Answer 39

scraping or scavanging

Question 40

How do cephalopods feed?

Answer 40

by foot

Question 41

What characteristics are shared by all arthropods?

Answer 41

chitin exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed appendeges

Question 42

What group of arthropods is the largest?

Answer 42

insects

Question 43

What group of hexapods is the largest?

Answer 43

beetles

Question 44

What are arthropod exoskeletons made of?

Answer 44

chitin

Question 45

Why do arthropods molt?

Answer 45

their exoskeletons don't grow with them

Question 46

What is the general body plan of hexapdos?

Answer 46

head, thorax, abdomen

Question 47

What is the general body plan of chelicerates?

Answer 47

prosoma, opisthosoma

Question 48

What is the general body plan of myriapods?

Answer 48

head, trunk

Question 49

What are chelicerae, and how are they used by chelicerates?

Answer 49

Chelicerae are pincer appendages by the mouth and they are used for feeding and/or sounds

Question 50

Which group of chelicerates is like a living fossil?

Answer 50

horse shoe crab

Question 51

What respiratory structures are used by hexapods?

Answer 51

tracheae

Question 52

What respiratory structures are used by crustaceans?

Answer 52

gills

Question 53

What respiratory structures are used by arachnids?

Answer 53

book lungs or tracheae

Question 54

What do most millipedes eat?

Answer 54

rotting wood, grass, fruits

Question 55

What do most centipedes eat?

Answer 55

other bugs

Question 56

Compare the number of legs on centipedes to the number of legs on millipedes

Answer 56

centipedes have an odd number of legs per segment, millipedes have an even number of legs per segment

Question 57

What is the etymology of the term deuterostome?

Answer 57

"mouth second"

Question 58

What are the differences between protostomes and deuterostomes? Which organisms are considered to be deuterostomes?

Answer 58

protostomes: mouth forms first deuterostomes: anus forms first, all past echinoderms

Question 59

In which habitats are echinoderms typically found?

Answer 59

aquatic/marine

Question 60

What are the functions of the echinoderm water vascular system?

Answer 60

locomotion, feeding, excretion, respiration

Question 61

What type of symmetry do echinoderm larvae and adults have?

Answer 61

larvae are bilateral, adults are radial

Question 62

What are the five echinoderm classes and their organisms?

Answer 62

Crinoidea: feather stars, sea lilies Asteroidea: starfish Ophiuroidea: brittle stars Echinoidea: sea urchins, sand dollars Holothoroidea: sea cucumbers

Question 63

What structure serves as the entrance to the water vascular system of echinoderms?

Answer 63

madreporite

Question 64

What are the four characteristics shared by all chordates?

Answer 64

notochord, dorsal verve chord, pharyngeal pouch, post-anal tail, endostyle

Question 65

What is the function of fish gills?

Answer 65

breathing

Question 66

How many chambers do fish hearts have?

Answer 66

2

Question 67

What are the functions of fish fins?

Answer 67

swimming, balance, steering

Question 68

Contrast the coverings of cartilaginous fishes with bony fishes

Answer 68

cartilaginous: placoid scales or scules bony: scales

Question 69

What is the purpose of the lateral line system in fishes?

Answer 69

feel vibrations in the water

Question 70

Compare osmoregulation with thermoregulation

Answer 70

osmoregulation is regulating water and salt. thermoregulation is regulating temperature

Question 70

Compare endothermy with exothermy

Answer 70

endothermy absorbs heat, exothermy releases heat

Question 71

Which group of organisms were most likely the ancestors of amphibians?

Answer 71

lobe-finned fish

Question 72

What characteristics did amphibians evolve in order to adapt to life on land?

Answer 72

lungs

Question 73

Compare amphibian and reptile eggs

Answer 73

amphibian eggs are laid in water and aren't amniotic. reptilian eggs are laid on land and are amniotic

Question 74

What is the function of the cloaca in amphibians?

Answer 74

waste and reproduction

Question 75

Compare amphibian and reptile respiration

Answer 75

amphibians have gills in development and lungs as an adult, and sometimes can breathe through their skin. Reptiles have lungs and breathe with a buccal pump

Question 76

What is the main difference between hibernation and estivation?

Answer 76

hibernation is in the cold, estivation is in the heat

Question 77

What is an amniotic egg? What does it allow reptiles to do that amphibians can't do?

Answer 77

amniotic eggs have the amnion layer and they let reptiles lay eggs on land

Question 78

What is the skin of most reptiles covered with?

Answer 78

keratin

Question 79

How do reptiles generally thermoregulate?

Answer 79

behaviors like basking

Question 80

Which reptile senses are generally most developed, and which are generally least developed?

Answer 80

sight is best, hearing is worst

Question 81

Contrast amphibian development and reptile development

Answer 81

amphibian: tadpole to metamorphosis to adult reptile: egg to adult

Question 82

What determines the sex of a sea turtle?

Answer 82

The temperature of the sand

Question 83

What are owl pellets, and why do owls and other birds produce them?

Answer 83

pellets are waste because the birds can't digest some parts of their food like the bone

Question 84

Contrast oviparity, viviparity, and ovoviviparity. Which are birds and which are mammals?

Answer 84

oviparity: laying eggs, birds(chickens!!) viviparity: embryo develops in mother, live birth (people) ovoviviparity: egg develops in mother, live birth (shark, ray, etc.)

Question 85

What process do birds use to keep their eggs warm until the eggs hatch?

Answer 85

incubation

Question 86

Describe some common courtship behaviors of birds

Answer 86

dancing, vocals

Question 87

What are the shells of bird eggs made of?

Answer 87

CaCO3

Question 88

What are the defining characteristics of birds?

Answer 88

feathers, beak, wings

Question 89

What are the defining characteristics of mammals?

Answer 89

fur, specialized teeth

Question 90

Contrast functions of down feathers, flight feathers, and contour feathers

Answer 90

down feathers: insulation flight: flying contour: protection against sun/rain

Question 91

What characteristics of birds allow them to survive in such a wide range of habitats and climates?

Answer 91

adapted beaks, feathers

Question 92

Which amniotes evolved into birds?

Answer 92

sauropsids

Question 93

Which amniotes evolved into mammals?

Answer 93

synapsids

Question 94

What is meant by the term sexual dimorphism?

Answer 94

physical difference between sexes

Question 95

What are some typical glands found in mammals?

Answer 95

oil, milk, sweat

Question 96

What is the advantage of the four-chambered heart that is found in birds and mammals?

Answer 96

it's more effective at moving blood and oxygen

Question 97

What structures are unique to mammalian brains?

Answer 97

neocortex: including frontal and temporal lobes

Question 98

Which group of mammals have the most species?

Answer 98

rodents