Zoology Lesson MS & DS

Question 1

A type of muscle that is attached to the skeleton, and has cells that are striated as seen in the microscope, and has voluntary nervous control.

Answer 1

Skeletal Muscle

Question 2

This muscle is located in the heart, has cells that are striated under the microscope, and has involuntary nervous control.

Answer 2

Cardiac Muscle

Question 3

What are the 4 Phases of muscle contraction

Answer 3

1. Excitation and calcium release
2. Cross-bridge formation
3. sliding filament mechanism
4. muscle contraction and relaxation

Question 4

This is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients

Answer 4

Digestive System

Question 5

This is a protein that living things use as catalysts to speed up
chemical reactions.

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

This passage begins at the mouth and terminates at the anus. Between those two points, this canal is modified as the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.

Answer 6

Alimentary Canal

Question 7

Functions of this organ include ingesting food, chewing and mixing food, initiating the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, moving food into the pharynx, and beginning the breakdown of lipids via lingual lipase.

Answer 7

Mouth

Question 8

It propels food from the oral activity to the esophagus and lubricates the food and passageways

Answer 8

Pharynx

Question 9

It is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 9

Esophagus

Question 10

This is where the chemical digestion of food occurs

Answer 10

Stomach

Question 11

It makes digestive juice, which mixes with bile and pancreatic juice to complete the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

Answer 11

small intestine

Question 12

It absorbs most residual water,
electrolytes, and vitamins produced by enteric bacteria

Answer 12

Large Intestine

Question 13

Anal Sphincter that is made of smooth muscle, and its contractions are involuntary.

Answer 13

Internal anal sphincter

Question 14

Anal Sphincter that is made of skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control.

Answer 14

External anal sphincter

Question 15

This is the largest gland in the body. It produces bile salts, which emulsify lipids, aiding their digestion and absorption

Answer 15

Liver

Question 16

This organ stores, concentrates, and releases bile

Answer 16

Gallbladder

Question 17

Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

Answer 17

Pancreas

Question 18

Enumerate the processes of Digestion

Answer 18

Ingestion

Propulsion

Mechanical Digestion

Chemical Digestion

Absorption

Defecation

Question 19

This Refers to the entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth

Answer 19

Ingestion

Question 20

This Refers to the movement of food through the digestive tract. It includes both the voluntary process of swallowing and the involuntary process of peristalsis.

Answer 20

Propulsion

Question 21

This is a series of wavelike
muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Answer 21

Peristalsis

Question 22

This is a purely physical process that does not change the chemical
nature of the food. It includes mastication, or chewing, as well as tongue

Answer 22

Mechanical Digestion

Question 23

Digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks (for example, proteins into separate amino acids). The process is completed in the
small intestine.

Answer 23

Chemical Digestion

Question 24

This is a process of digestion where The simple molecules that result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries.

Answer 24

Absorption

Question 25

This is a process of digestion where the food molecules that cannot be digested or absorbed need to be eliminated from the body. The removal of indigestible wastes through the anus.

Answer 25

Defecation

Question 26

This disorder is caused by lactose malabsorption, is a condition in which your small intestine makes low levels of lactase and can’t digest all the lactose you eat or drink.

Answer 26

Lactose Intolerance

Question 27

This disorder may develop when your lower esophageal sphincter becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn’t.

Answer 27

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 28

It is a condition in which you may have fewer than three bowel movements a week; stools that are hard, dry, or lumpy; stools that are difficult or painful to pass; or a feeling that not all stool has passed.

Answer 28

Constipation

Question 29

It is a loose, watery stool three or more times a day. It may be acute, persistent, or chronic.

Answer 29

Diarrhea

Question 30

Muscles are generally organized as individual fibers encased in ____

Answer 30

Endomysium

Question 31

These muscle fibers are grouped together as muscle fascics encased in ____

Answer 31

Perymisium

Question 32

These muscle fascicles that are grouped as muscle organs encased in the ____

Answer 32

Epimysium