Zoology, Morphology and Systematics

Question 1

Zoomorphology

Answer 1

A branch of biology dealing with the body plans of animals

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

The science of categorization or classification of organisms based on discrete sets of features

Question 3

Systematics

Answer 3

The science of categorization or classification of organisms past or present, and the relationship among organisms across time

Question 4

Defining characteristics of animals

Answer 4

• Eucaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotroph
• Aerobic respiration
• Motile
• Sexual reproduction
• Blastula stage during embryonic development

Question 5

Eucaryotic

Answer 5

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus

Question 6

Multicellular

Answer 6

Organisms consisting of more than one cell

Question 7

Heterotroph

Answer 7

Organisms consuming organic material for meeting their metabolic needs

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Answer 8

Organisms requiring oxygen to produce ATP

Question 9

Motile

Answer 9

Organisms that are able to spontaneously move their bodies

Question 10

Sexual reproduction

Answer 10

Organisms producing gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes

Question 11

The species concept

Answer 11

• Morphological
• Biological
• Phylogenetic
• Ecological

Question 12

The morphological species concept

Answer 12

Individuals who are similar in morphology belong to the same species

Question 13

The biological species concept

Answer 13

Individuals who can have fertile offspring together belong to the same species

Question 14

The phylogenetic species concept

Answer 14

Individuals who share a common ancestor and a line of evolution that differs from other lines of evolution belong to the same species

Question 15

The ecological species concept

Answer 15

Individuals who utilize different ecological niches belong to different species

Question 16

Bilateria have Bilateral symmetry which is…?

Answer 16

Organisms with a single plane of symmetry which divides the body into two mirror-image left and right halves.

They additionally have two axes of polarity: an interior-posterior axis and a dorsal-ventral axis.

Question 17

The two axes of polarity

Answer 17

• Interior-posterior axis (= head and tail end)
• Dorsal-ventral axis (back and belly side)

Question 18

Radial symmetry

Answer 18

Organisms with a repeating pattern of body parts around a central axis

Question 19

Protostomia

Answer 19

A type of bilateria
* Spiral cell cleavage
* Mosaic Embryo
* Blastopore becomes mouth, anus forms secondarily
* Coelom forms by splitting (schizocoelous)

Question 20

Blastopore

Answer 20

Opening of gastrula

Question 21

Deutorostomia

Answer 21

A type of bilateria
* Radial cell cleavage (90° angle)
* Regulative embryo
* Blastopore becomes anus, mouth forms secondarily
* Coelom forms by outpocketing (enterocoelous)

Question 22

Spiral cell cleavage

Answer 22

Oblique angle

Protostomia

Question 23

Mosaic embryo

Answer 23

Excised blastomere –> arrested development

Protostomia

Question 24

Schizocoelous

Answer 24

Coelom forms by splitting

Protostomia

Question 25

Radial cell cleavage

Answer 25

90° angle Deutorostomia

Question 26

Regulative embryo

Answer 26

Excised blastomere --> two normal larvae or embryos Deutorostomia

Question 27

Enterocoelous

Answer 27

Coleom forms by outpocketing Deutorostomia

Question 28

Germ layers

Answer 28

* Ectoderm * Endoderm * Mesoderm

Question 29

Ectoderm germ layer

Answer 29

Develops into the epidermis (including hair, nails, skin glands) and the nervous system (including brain and spinal cord)

Question 30

Endoderm germ layer

Answer 30

Develops into the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs (such as liver, pancreas, bladder, and lungs)

Question 31

Mesoderm germ layer

Answer 31

Develops into muscles (smooth and striated), bone, cartilage, dermis, circulatory systems (including heart, blood vessels and spleen), and the wall of the coelom

Question 32

Diploblastic animals

Answer 32

Organisms that develop from only two germ layers: the ectoderm and the endoderm

Question 33

Triploblastic animals

Answer 33

Organisms that develop from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, the endoderm, and the mesoderm

Question 34

Lophotrochozoa

Answer 34

Presence of a lophophore and a trochophore

Question 35

Lophophore

Answer 35

A ring of ciliated tentacles around their mouth Present in lophotrochozoa

Question 36

Trochophore

Answer 36

Free swimming larva with several bands of cilia Present in lophotrochozoa

Question 37

Ecdysozoa

Answer 37

A type of protostomia They perform ecdysis

Question 38

Ecdysis

Answer 38

Molting of their exoskeleton Performed by ecdysozoa

Question 39

Blastomere

Answer 39

a type of cell produced by cell division (cleavage) of the zygote after fertilization; blastomeres are an essential part of blastula formation