Zoology Shark

Question 1

Ampullae of Lorenzi- location and function

Answer 1

Detect electromagnetic fields for close detection of prey; dorsal and ventral surfaces of rostrum, several sets of small pores

Question 2

Location of anterior dorsal fin

Answer 2

Middle upper of shark, has spine stump on dissected sharks

Question 3

Bile duct- location, facts about bile

Answer 3

In lesser omentum, runs to duodenum from gallbladder; bile is produced in liver, stored in gallbladder; emulsifies fats for absorption by digestive system.

Question 4

Cardiac stomach- location, description, internal folds and functions of those folds

Answer 4

After esophagus, digestive begins here. Rugae expand and contract to mix ingested food with digestive enzymes and to break food into smaller pieces.

Question 5

Caudal fin- location and shape

Answer 5

Posterior fin, heterocercal-lobes of fin are unequal in size

Question 6

Clasper- location, description, significance

Answer 6

Two large spine-like features along inside edge of pelvic fins; transfer sperm during copulation

Question 7

Cloaca-location and function

Answer 7

Hole located between the pelvic fins, removal of feces from digestive tract, kidneys, gonads

Question 8

Dorsal mesentery

Answer 8

Connects organs to dorsal side of the body cavity

Question 9

Endolympatic pores

Answer 9

Between spiracles, carry water into the semicircular canals

Question 10

Fusiform

Answer 10

Tapered from anterior to posterior end

Question 11

Gallbladder

Answer 11

Curvy “L” along one side and the bottom of the median lobe of the liver, often green, thinner than liver, stores bile

Question 12

Gill slits

Answer 12

Behind and lateral to the mouth, water exits through gill slits

Question 13

Heterocercal

Answer 13

Caudal fin, lobes are unequal in size

Question 14

Acousticolateralis system

Answer 14

Lateral line(mechanoreception)and semicircular canals(spatial orientation)
Lateral line-dorsal to gill slits to the caudal fin

Question 15

ileum=spiral intestine

Answer 15

Nutrient absorption, spiral valve increases food retention time and efficiency of nutrient assimilation

Question 16

Lateral line

Answer 16

Dorsal to gill slits along side until the caudal fine;mechanoreception in acousticolateralis system

Question 17

Lesser omentum

Answer 17

Mesentery connected to median lobe and running posterior toward ventral pancreas, contains bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein

Question 18

Liver

Answer 18

Production of bile, increase shark’s buoyancy(stores oil), detoxifies blood from digestive system; 3 gray oily lobes at the anterior end of digestive system

Question 19

Mouth

Answer 19

Located on the ventral side of the head, rows of sharp teeth

Question 20

Nare

Answer 20

Ventral side, anterior to eyes; olfaction ???

Question 21

Pancreas, dorsal and ventral lobes

Answer 21

Ventral-on top of duodenum
Dorsal-under pyloric stomach and duodenum;
Both produce digestive enzymes

Question 22

Pectoral fin

Answer 22

Anterior set of fins along ventral surface; posterior to gill slits

Question 23

Pelvic fin

Answer 23

Posterior set of fins along ventral surface

Question 24

Type of scales

Answer 24

Placoid scales

Question 25

Posterior dorsal fin

Answer 25

Dorsal fin immediately before caudal fin

Question 26

Pyloric stomach

Answer 26

J shaped, smoother less muscular stomach; digestion and storage of food, at the end of cardiac stomach

Question 27

Rectal gland

Answer 27

Near spiral intestine, finger shaped, balances sodium chloride concentration of the blood

Question 28

Rostrum

Answer 28

Pointed snout at anterior end

Question 29

Rugae

Answer 29

folds in cardiac stomach, expand and contract to mix ingested food with digestive enzymes and to break food into smaller pieces

Question 30

Semicircular canals

Answer 30

Detect spatial orientation

Question 31

Spine

Answer 31

Located on leading edge of anterior and posterior dorsal fins

Question 32

Spiracle

Answer 32

Posterior to eyes on dorsal side, bring in water that passes across gills

Question 33

Spiral intestine

Answer 33

Nutrient absorption, spiral valve increases food retention time and efficiency of nutrient assimilation; at the end of duodenum

Question 34

Spiral valve

Answer 34

Corkscrew-shaped, food circles around in this to increase food retention time for efficiency of nutrient absorption

Question 35

Spleen

Answer 35

Posterior to pyloric stomach; maintains shark's red blood cells-stores blood, makes new blood cells, breaks down old red blood cells