Zoology Test 1

Question 1

A phylogeny is different from a cladogram…

Answer 1

because it includes time since divergence

Question 2

if convergent characters are used to group taxa then …….. groups are produced.

Answer 2

polyphyletic

Question 3

how are outgroups used by taxonomists?

Answer 3

to determine the polarity or direction of evolutionary change in character states

Question 4

the ability to use biochemical data to form phylogenetic trees is based on the assumption that………

Answer 4

all life uses similar sequences of DNA

Question 5

an argument in favor of the colonial flagellate theory for the origin of multicellular animals is…..

Answer 5

it is well supported by observations of metazoan development

Question 6

Diploblastic organisms lack which germ layer(s)?

Answer 6

mesoderm

Question 7

Which is the correct developmental sequence? & how much time elapses between beginning and end?

Answer 7

Fertilization > cleavage > blastulation > gastrulation

happens in a few hours

Question 8

the blastocoel is:

Answer 8

the fluid filled center of a blastula

Question 9

a cell taken from a protostome embryo:

Answer 9

stops proper development as does the remainder of the embryo

Question 10

at the end of cleavage, the zygote is:

Answer 10

the same size as when it began

Question 11

during cleavage:

Answer 11

the number of cells in the zygote increases dramatically

Question 12

sponges exhibit:

Answer 12

the cellular level of organization

Question 13

the most advanced sponge body plan is:

Answer 13

leuconoid

Question 14

specialized feeding cells found in sponges are called:

Answer 14

choanocytes

Question 15

a drop of ink placed in the water around a sponge would pass through the sponges structures in what order?

Answer 15

osita > spongocoel > osculum

Question 16

Study of hawks-bill sea turtle stomach contents found that sponges were a major portion of their diet. Sponges are usually protected from predators by protective structures called:

Answer 16

spicules

Question 17

cells that move about in the mesohyl of sponges, digest particles, and may specialize for other functions are the:

Answer 17

archaeocytes

Question 18

reproduction in sponges is:

Answer 18

asexual by budding, asexual by gemmules, sexual with both male and female sex cells in one individual and asexual by fragmentation

Question 19

Why are bath sponges so soft?

Answer 19

bath sponges are composed primarily of softer spongin

Question 20

nematocysts are:

Answer 20

stinging organelles

Question 21

metagenesis is:

Answer 21

an alternation between sexual and asexual generation

Question 22

rhopalia are:

Answer 22

sense organs for orientation and detecting light

Question 23

the velum of hydrozoans and the velarium of cubozoans are:

Answer 23

independently derived characters

Question 24

reef building corals:

Answer 24

are hexacorallian corals and have symbiotic zooxanthellae

Question 25

The ........ stage is best adapted for cnidarians living in colonies while the .... stage helps in dispersal and survival in open oceans.

Answer 25

polyp, medusa

Question 26

throughout most cnidarian groups, the basal or pedal disc serves to

Answer 26

attach the cnidarian to the substrate

Question 27

the class of radiate animals with the most conspicuous medusa stage is:

Answer 27

scyphozoa

Question 28

the presence of ameboid cells and fibers in the mesoglea, as well as lack of a velum, would indicate that a medusa was in the class:

Answer 28

scyphozoa

Question 29

the function of the siphonoglyph is

Answer 29

to form water currents into the gastrovascular cavity

Question 30

sea anemones and corals lack:

Answer 30

a medusa stage

Question 31

an organism with two cells layers separated by a mesoglea containing loosely packed cells, that was motile, and by all appearances moved like an amoeba, would be classified as:

Answer 31

placozoa

Question 32

define typological species concept

Answer 32

has one organism as "ideal body" for that species

Question 33

define biological species concept

Answer 33

based on reproductive properties of populations

Question 34

define phylogenetic species concept

Answer 34

based on common descent

Question 35

which process preformation or epigenesis, does our modern understanding of development conform to?

Answer 35

epigenesis

Question 36

what is the fate of the blastopore in a fully developed animal?

Answer 36

develops into the mouth or anus

Question 37

what is parsimony?

Answer 37

clagodram requiring fewest evolutionary steps/changes

Question 38

difference between a sponge and colonial protozoan?

Answer 38

sponge is multicellular while protozoans are unicellular

Question 39

about 95% of sponge species belong to the class ______

Answer 39

demospongiae

Question 40

difference between syconoid and asconoid sponge body plan?

Answer 40

syconoid body plan is more complex than asconoid. The spongocoel has folded in syconoid body plan which increases surface area

Question 41

how does velarium increase swimming speed of cubozoans?

Answer 41

it increases water pressure exiting the bell for faster movement

Question 42

why don't scyphozoans posses velum or velarium?

Answer 42

they have thick mesoglea and stronger coronal muscles

Question 43

how are anemones different from other hexacorallians?

Answer 43

anemones lack an exoskeleton