Zoonitics Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
RMSF
A
rickettsie ricketsii
2
Q
epidemic typhus
A
riskettsie prowazeki
3
Q
murine typhus
A
rickettsia typhi
4
Q
human monocytic erlichosis
A
Erlichia chaffeensis
5
Q
anaplasmosis
A
anaplasma phgocytophilia
6
Q
Q fever
A
coxiella burnetii
7
Q
lyme disease
A
borrelia burgdorferi
8
Q
relapsing fever
A
borrelia hermsii
9
Q
leptospirosis
A
leptospira interrogans
10
Q
cat scratch disease
A
bartonella henslae
11
Q
anthax
A
bacillus anthracis
12
Q
meliodosis
A
burkholderia psudomallei
13
Q
tularemia
A
francisella tularensis
14
Q
plague
A
yersinia pestis
15
Q
dog ticks is main vesctor
A
rickettsia rickettsii
16
Q
Most cases are in GA, NC, VA, children, and in spring and summer
A
rmsf–> risckettsia rickettsii
95% of rickettsial dz in US
17
Q
rash starts in wrists and spread to palms–> then to trunk/abdomen
A
RMSF–> rickettsia rickettsii
18
Q
weil-felix test
A
detects Rickettsia rickettsii–> antibodies in pt serum cross-react with proteus species
19
Q
tx for RMSF
A
doxycycline
20
Q
transmitted by lice feces
A
rickettsie prowazekii
21
Q
virtually absent from US
A
rickettsia prowazekii
22
Q
spreads from trunk to extremities–> not found on palms/soles
A
epidemic typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
23
Q
tx for epidemic typhus
A
doxycycline or tetracycline
chloramphenicol also
24
Q
transmitted to humans by rat flea, small mammals are reservoirs (rats and opossums)
A
endemic (murine) typhus
Rickettsia typhi
25
tx for endemic typhus
doxycyline
26
clinical course of endemic typhus
mild...much more than epidemic typhus....low mortality rate
27
two agents which cause southern tick-born disease
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
| Anaplasma phagocytophilia
28
distribution for anaplamsosis and ehrlichiosis
OVERLAP!!
| south-east portion of US and california
29
vector for Ehrlichiosis
Lone Star deer tick
30
vector for anaplasmosis
black-legged or Ixodes ticks
31
replicates in monocytes, inclusions are called morulae
Human Monocytic Ehrlicosis
| *Ehrlichia chaffeensis*
32
blood smear shows morulae in monocytes
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
33
tx for Human monocytic ehrlishiosis
doxycyline
34
rocky mountain spotless fever
anaplasma phagocytophilia
35
murulae in granulocytes
anaplasma phagocytophilia
36
transmitted by Ixodes ticks (black legged ticks)
anaplasma phagocytophilia
37
tx for anaplasmosis
doxycycline
38
mortality rate for southern born tick diseases
LOW less than 1.8% for Ehrlishiosis and less than 1% for anaplasmosis
39
gram negative bacillus that is an obligate intracellular parasite...mre closely linkes to legionella in the way it causes disease
coxiella burnetii-> q fever
40
primarily from sheep, cattle and goats
Coxiella burnetii
41
typically transmitted to humans via contaminated milk or those in contact with contaminated animal viscer..such as giving birth
*can also be due to a tick)
also has a spore form that can be aerosolized
Coxiella burnetii
ID50 IS EXTREMELY LOW-- LESS THAN 10 UNITS
42
in general all these diseases carry a higher mortality rate in the
pneumonic form vs the cutaenous form of disease
43
Q fever prevalent in....
arkansas-midwest--AGRICULTURAL STATES
44
ACUTE Q FEVER
30-50% asymptomatic
or
Acute febrile illness...whe pneumonic....atypical pneumonia 2-4 weeks
<2% mortality rate
45
Chronic Q fever
granulomatous hepatitis
endocarditis
100% fatal if untreated
(due to the intracellular nature of this organism it can go latent/chronic)
46
tx of q fever
Doxycycline
| *most will resovle spontneous, but doxy will speed things up and decrease risk of chronic infection
47
name the spirochetes
Borrelia and Leptospira
| *borrelia burgdorferi is the most important
48
vector for borrelia burgdorferi
Ixodes scapularis-> MW and East Coast
| Ixodes pacificus on west coast
49
80% of lyme dz cases are in what 4 states
NY, CT, PA NJ
50
main reservoir of lyme disease
WHITE FOOTED MOUSE-->small mammals
51
Transmission usually during summer months, nyphal stage tick feeding time--> bite must last 24-28 hours
Borellia burgdorferi
| Lyme Disease
52
most common vector-borne dz in the US
lyme disease
53
how does borrelia burgdorferi adapt to survival in many different hosts
antigenic veriation of its OSP's
54
erythema chronicum migrans
3-30 DAYS AFTER TICK Bite
PAINLESS
NON-PRURITIC
STAGE ONE: ACUTE LYME DISEASE
| >BULLESEYE RASH--ASSOCIATED WITH LYME DISEASE FOLLOWING A BORELLIA BURGDORFERI INFECTION FROM A FLEA BITE
55
IS TICK THERE AT THE TIME OF BULLSEYE RASH
HELL NAW--> HE ONLY TAKES 48 HRS TO FEED THEN PEACES OUT
56
STAGE 2 OF LYME DZ
| WEEKS TO MONTHS LATER
"CARDIAC AND NEUROLOGICAL INVOLVEMENT"
* FACIAL NERVE PALSY-BELL'S PALSY*
* MYOCARDITIS AND HEART BLOCK*
57
STAGE 3 CHRONIC LYME DZ
ARTHRITIS OF LARGE JOINTS (AUTOIMMUNE)
| PROGRESSIVE CNS DZ
58
DX OF LYME DZ
ELISA--> must be CONFIRMED by western blot
| PCR
59
tx of early LD
doxy, tetra or amoxicillin
60
tx of chronic LD
IV ceftriaxone or PenG
61
relapsing fever transmitted by Ixodes tick
Borellia hermsii
62
relapsing fever caused by body louse (rare in US)
borrelia recurrentis
63
most common in high desert of Western US
borrelia sp.
| causing relapsing fever
64
what is responsible for relapsing disease
antigen variatiion and changes in OSP
65
diagnosis of relapsing fever
visualization of spirochetes on blood smear
| extracellular
66
tx of relapsing fever
doxycycline or tetracycline
67
tightly coiled fine spirochetes only visible on dark microscopy
leptospira interrogans
68
most important reservoir for leptospira in US
dogs
| but also rats and rodents
69
transmission of leptospira
bugs shed in the urine which contaminates the water and soil--> swimming in contaminated water
(traithalons, miners, farmers, sewer-smiths)
70
dx of leptospira
hx of contact
rise in IgM titers
isolation from blood and urine
71
tx for leptospira
penicillin G
| (vacination for livestock and pets
72
small, pleiomorphis GN rod with polar flagella
bartonella henslae
73
transmision of bartonella henslae
kittens-->normal flora of the mouth, 24,000 cases per year most in children
*immunocompetent--> self-limiting short illness course
74
tx of cat scratch dz
usually none-most resolve spont
| *if severe ALD--> azithromycin, doxy, or erythromycin
75
clinical course for CSD
```
fever, tender enlarged LN's, typically on same side as bite
papule at the sight of the scratch
most time resolves wihtout sequelae
endorcrditis and encephalitis in a few
in AIDS-> bacillary angiomatosis
```
76
expresses an antiphagocytic capsule composed of d-glutamate
bacillus anthracis
| *capsule encoded in a plasmid
77
expresses a toxin that celaves host cell MAPk's also known as lethal factor
bacillus anthracis
78
expresses a toxin knownas edema factor
bacillus anthracis
79
spore former...thus high caution to medical personell
bacillus anthracis
80
cutaneous transmission through wool
| *associated with cattle and sheep but can be person to person
bacillus anthracis-->wool sorter's disease
81
spread of BA
multiplies at the infection site and spreads via regional lymph nodes
82
mortality rates of BA
```
cutaneous 5-20%
pneumonia 90-100%
GI form?
*relatively high ID50--> (8k-40K)
overall 5-15% untreated
<1% treated
```
83
tx for bacillus anthracis
ciprofloxacin for 60 days
if severe, IV cipro with (ampicillin, pen g, meropenem, rifampin, or vancomycin)
84
CX finding for BA infection
mediastinal widening
85
spikes of cases after hevy rains
Burkgolderia pseuomallei
86
whitmore's dz or meliodosis
burkholderia psuedomallei
*intracellular, highly adapted for living withing macrophages*--> can actin network and induce lysis to escape host immune system*
87
where is meliodosis common
SE asia, Thailand and northern australia
88
found in soil, rice paddies and muddy waters
burkholderia pseudomallei
89
aka vitenamese time bomd
burkholderia pseudomallei
| --> pneumonia more common
90
tx of burkholderia
ceftazidime for 8 weeks
91
transmitted by tick vector or from blood interaction with a dead rabbits
*can also live in amoebas
tularemia A--> US form and more virulent
| ID50= <10 CFU
92
commonly found in AR, MO and Martha's Vineyard Mass
tularemia
93
tx of tularemia
streptomycin
94
types of tularemia infection
60% mortal-pneumonic
3% ulceroglandular--> spreading to LN's
Occuloglandular
95
safty pin staining-->
yersinia pestis
| ID50= 1-10 organisms
96
most virulent bacteria known
yersinia pestis
(plague)
small GN rod encapsulated and lives in MACROPHAGES
97
TRANSMISSION OF PLAGUE IS VIA
FLEA BITES FROM INFECTED/ASYMPTOMATIC RODENTS
CAN BE AEROLSIZED
98
MAIN RODENT HOST OF PLAGUE
PRARIE DOGS AND RATS
99
GEOGRAPHIC DIST
99% SE ASIA
| 1% WESTERN US
100
```
F-1 ENVELOPE ANTIGEN
LPS
V AND W ANTIGENS
YOPS
TYPE II SECRETION
EXOTOXIN
```
YERSINIA PESTIS
101
TX FOR YP
STREPTOMYCIN AND TETRACYCLINE
| *RARELYEFFECTIVE UNLESS STARTED VERY VERY EARLY
