Zoonoses 9/8/15 Flashcards
What animal vectors are associated with Brucellosis?
Sheep
Cattle
Pigs
Dogs
List animal vectors associated with plague.
Reservoir: Rodents (rats)
Vector: Fleas
List animal vectors associated with tularemia (Francisella tularensis).
- wild hares
- rabbits
- mice
- muskrats
- beaver
-deer flies/ticks
What animal vectors are associated with pasturellosis?
-domesticated pets (cats, dogs, turtles)
Describe special growth requirements of Brucella species for their recovery in culture
-Requires enriched media (chocolate agar) and prolonged incubation (2-6wks)
Describe special growth requirements of the plague (Y. pestis) for their recovery in culture.
- Slow growing on ordinary media after 48hrs
- Faster growth at 28C than 37C (likes the cold)
- Other: Bipolar staining (safety pins), small, pinpoint colonies on MacConkey
Describe special growth requirements of Francisella tularensis for their recovery in culture.
- Requires sulfhydryl compounds for growth
- Extended incubation time needed (up to 3wks)
- Strict aerobe
Describe special growth requirements of Pasturella for their recovery in culture.
- Fac anaerobes
- Grows on blood and agar
-DOES NOT GROW ON MACCONKEY
-Other: Moth ball odor, Oxidase and Catalase POSITIVE
Describe the populations at risk for Zoonoses caused by Brucella, and list measures used to prevent infection with this pathogen.
- Abattoirs (slaughterhouse workers)
- Vets
- Farmers
- Lab workers
- Prevention: Immunize livestock, Avoid unpasteurized milk/dairy
- Other: Category B Bioterrorism Agent
Describe populations at risk for Yersinia, and list measures used to prevent infection with these pathogens.
People exposed to rodents in areas of epidemic
- Prevention:
- Avoid contact with dead rodents
- Chemoprophylaxis with tetracyclin
- Rat and flea control measures
- Vaccine available for high risk patients
Describe populations at risk for Francisella, and list measures used to prevent infection with these pathogens.
- Hunters
- Lab workers
- People exposed to ticks
- Other: Tularemia = Category A bioterrorism agent
- Prevention: remove ticks promptly, avoid contact with dead animals, live/attenuated vaccine
Describe the populations at risk for Zoonoses caused by Pasturella, and list measures used to prevent infection with this pathogen.
- Cat owners
- Prevention: be more careful with pets, seek medical attention if scratches/bites occur
Identify the areas within the USA where plague and tularemia are endemic
plague = Western US
tularemia = Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma
Describe the disease conditions associated with infections caused by Brucella species.
-Formation of small granulomas
- Predilection for erythritol rich tissues in animals = placenta = abortions/sterility
- Symptoms 2-8 weeks after exposure
Initial: non-specific symptoms
-Fever: intermittent/cyclical
- Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly
- Advanced disease: GI symptoms, osteolytic lesions/joint effusions, respiratory symptoms
Describe the disease conditions associated with infections caused by Francisella tularensis.
-Granuloma formation (like Brucella)
- Fever, chills, malaise 2-5 days after exposure
- Ulceroglandular infections: papule, necrotic, ulcerates
-Regional lymphadenopathy = glandular form
- Oculoglandular: painful conjunctivitis
- Typhoidal infection: fever, prostration, weight loss
- Pneumonic infection: inhalation = pneumonic/systemic illness
- Oropharyngeal form: ingestion = throat pain with exudate, pharyngeal ulcers/pseudomembrane
