Zoonoses - Carnivore And Milk Flashcards Preview

RUSVM Epidemiology > Zoonoses - Carnivore And Milk > Flashcards

Flashcards in Zoonoses - Carnivore And Milk Deck (40)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What type of parasite is toxoplasma gondii?

A

Apicoplexan protozoan parasite

2
Q

When are cats usually infected with toxoplasma gondii? How long to they secrete it?

A

Early life

“Immature” oocyts are secreted for 1-3wks

3
Q

The initial infection of toxoplasma gondi is in the __________ which is the tachyzoite stage

A

Macrophages

4
Q

When immunity develops against toxoplasma gondii, the protozoa localized in ____________ as bradyzoites

A

Muscular tissue/neurological tissue

5
Q

How can humans be exposed to toxoplasma ?

A

Oocyst in soil

Ingestion of tissue bradyzoites in undercooked meat

6
Q

In what people do toxoplasma infections usually cause disease?

A

Poor immunity - AIDS

Pregnancy

7
Q

How can you minimize the risk of toxoplasma in people

A

No control in cats

Pregnant women can be tested for Ab
Buy cats that are less likely to shed
Prevent oocyst sporulation
Reduce exposure

8
Q

T/F: parasitic nematodes are almost always migratory during the larval stages

A

True

9
Q

What is the term for diseases caused by migrating larvae in paratenic hosts?

A

Larval migrans

10
Q

What roundworms can cause visceral larval migrans, and rarely ocular or neurologic larval migrans?

A

Toxocara

T. Canis
T. Cati
T. Vitularum

11
Q

How can toxocariasis be prevented?

A

Reduce the reservoir: regular antihelminthic of cats and dogs

12
Q

What roundworm has a raccoon reservoir and causes visceral or ocular larval migrans

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

13
Q

What causes hydatid cyst disease?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

> larvae fluid filled cyst in multiple tissue, often liver, sometimes brain

14
Q

What causes alveolar cyst disease?

A

Echinococcus multioculris

Multilocular, small, solid cysts in tissues, often liver

15
Q

What is the reservoir and intermediate hosts for echinococcus sp?

A

Reservoir: Canids

Intermediate host: prey animals

16
Q

How do humans usually get infected by echinococcus granulosus?

A

Ingestion of eggs (on dog fur or soil)

17
Q

How can cystic echinococcus be prevented?

A

Prevent infection in dogs-> treatment with praziquantel
Stray dog control
Condemnation/disposal of infected offal
Hygiene

18
Q

The natural cycle of alveolar echinococcus is between?

A

Fox and rodents

Found in northern hemisphere

19
Q

How can alveolar ecchinococcus be prevented?

A
Routine antihelminthic treatment in dog 
Reduce exposure to rodent 
Treat fox 
Education
Stray dog control
20
Q

What is the main control for milk borne disease?

A

Pasteurization

21
Q

What are the milk borne diseases?

A

Mycobacterium bovis
Brucellosis
Coxiella burnetii

22
Q

What are signs of M. Bovis infection in animals?

A

Weakness, anorexia, low grade fever

Pneumonia with chronic cough

23
Q

What are signs of human infection with mycobacterium bovis?

A

Percutaneous: nodules and ulcers

Pulmonary: classic TB

Ingestion: gingivitis, mesenteric adenopathy

24
Q

T/F: the human TB vaccine is partially effective against M. Bovis

A

True

Depends on the strain

25
Q

What are signs of brucella in animals

A

Abortion
Infertility
Mastitis (goat)

26
Q

What are signs of brucella in humans?

A

Septicemic form: fever, headache, back pain
Visceral: orchiepidiymite, osteo articularie
Chronic: joint pain

27
Q

What are ways humans can be exposed to brucella?

A

Unpastureized milk
Blood exposure
Contact inhalation
Hunting feral swine

28
Q

How can humans contact coxiella burnetii?

A

Inhale aerosol
Ingestion
Percutaneous

29
Q

What milk borne disease in humans can range form asymptomatic to flu-like, to pulmonary disease?

A

Coxiella burnetii

30
Q

How do we prevent coxiella burnetii?

A

Individual protection
Disinfect enviro
Destroy placenta
Pasteurize milk

31
Q

What are common water borne diseases?

A
Leptospirosis 
Cryptosporidium 
Giardia 
Schistosoma
Fasciola
32
Q

What waterborne protozoan parasite usually causes a mild diarrhea in humans and animals

A

Cryptosporidium

More severe disease in immunocompromised

33
Q

What water borne protozoa is associated with diarrhea, abdominal cramps, weight loss, and malabsorption in humans?

A

Giardia

Dogs-> vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss

34
Q

How can giardia and cryptosporidium be prevented?

A

Filtration of drinking water
Reduce exposure to recreational water

Resistant to disinfection

35
Q

How do human infections with Fasciola spp occur?

A

Consume contaminated vegetables

36
Q

T/F: accidental hosts of trematodes can be infected perutaenously

A

True

37
Q

What causes “swimmer itch”? Who is the reservoir?

A

Schistoma spp

Mammal hosts -> percutaneous infection

38
Q

What is the transmission of leptospira spp?

A

Excreted in urine -> water-> ingestion or through broken skin contact

39
Q

Water borne disease that causes renal insufficiency
In acute disease…Fever, drepresion, lethargy
In chronic disease… abortion, stillbirth

A

Leptospirosis

40
Q

How do we prevent leptospirosis ?

A

Reduce reservoir

  • rodent control
  • treat infected animals
  • vaccines

Reduce human exposure

  • clean/treated water supply
  • gloves