Zoonosis/Vector

Question 1

How does Borrelia Gram stain, and how is it transmitted?

Answer 1

G-

lice or ticks

Question 2

Clinical presentation and treatment of B. recurrentis and B. hermsii?

Answer 2

bacteremia: fever, headache, muscle pain
relapses every 5-10 days

Doxycycline, penicillins, or ceph III

Question 3

Clinical presentation of Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 3

Lyme disease

stage 1: fever, headache, myalgia, bulls-eye rash
stage 2: disseminated symptoms
stage 3: chronic infection (arthritis, joint pain, neuritis, carditis)

Question 4

What bugs belong to the Rickettsiae Typhus group?

Answer 4

R. prowazekki, R. typhi, R. akari, R. Orientalia tsutsugamushi

Question 5

Clinical presentations of Rickettsiae Typhus group?

Answer 5

vasculitis and rash (chest –> extremity), high fever, eschar at bite site

Question 6

Bug in Rickettsiae spotted fever group?

Answer 6

R. rickettsii

Question 7

Clinical presentation of R. spotted fever group?

Answer 7

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: rash (extremities –> trunk), fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle and joint pain, abdominal pain

Question 8

Clinical presentation of R. Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum group?

Answer 8

headache, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, bone marrow granulomas (usually no rash)

Question 9

What’s weird about the Coxiella burnetti Rickettsiae group?

Answer 9

It’s not actually a Rickettsiae (stains G+); more closely related to Legionella

Question 10

Symptoms and transmission of Coxiella burnetti?

Answer 10

Q-fever: resembles flu or pneumonia, chronic endocarditis, granulomas in liver spleen bone marrow, fever with pneumonia and hepatitis

transmission via dust or aerosols from infected animals

Question 11

What is the treatment for Rickettsiae family bugs?

Answer 11

Doxycycline

don’t give sulfonamides for Coxiella burnetti… or else…

Question 12

What does Bacillus look like?

Answer 12

G+ rods
forms SPORES (along with Clostridium)

Question 13

How is B. cereus transmitted?

Answer 13

cooked rice and pasta that are cooled too slowly

Question 14

Symptoms of B. cereus?

Answer 14

acute food poisoning: nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea (very quick onset and recovery)

Question 15

Symptoms and treatment of B. anthracis?

Answer 15

papule becomes eschar
disseminates and becomes systemic

penicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin

vaccine exists, but is not used

Question 16

Transmission of B. anthracis?

Answer 16

spores present in animal skins, inhaled or ingested

Question 17

What does Brucella look like?

Answer 17

G- coccobacillus

Question 18

Transmission of Brucella?

Answer 18

infected milk, handling animals (1/4 of lab acquired infections)

Question 19

Symptoms and treatment of Brucella?

Answer 19

undulant fever, can become chronic and form granulomas in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Pasteurize milk
doxycycline + rifampin (or streptomycin)

Question 20

What does Francisella tularensis look like, and how is it transmitted?

Answer 20

G- coccobacillus

rabbits, beavers, deer ticks

Question 21

Symptoms and treatment of F. tularensis?

Answer 21

tularemia: ulcerated papule, high fever, toxemia, granuloma in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and lungs

doxycycline, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin
(live cell vaccine but not effective against respiratory transmission)

Question 22

Virulence factors of F. tularensis?

Answer 22

capsule

coiling phagocytosis

Question 23

What does Pasturella multocida look like?

Answer 23

G- coccobacillus
very small
bipolar stain

Question 24

Clinical presentation and treatment of Pasturella multocida?

Answer 24

local or disseminated edematous abscesses
rapid cellulitis

pen/amp + tetracycline

Question 25

Epidemiology and virulence factors of Pasturella multocida?

Answer 25

dog and cat bites antiphagocytic capsule

Question 26

What does Bartonella look like?

Answer 26

G- rod

Question 27

Treatment for Bartonella infections?

Answer 27

azithromycin and/or rifampin

Question 28

Mode of transmission and clinical presentation of Bartonella henselae?

Answer 28

Cat scratches Cat-scratch disease: papule at inoculation site, fever, local swelling, regional lymph node swelling (#1 cause of swollen lymph nodes in children) endocarditis in immunocompromised

Question 29

Mode of transmission and symptoms of Bartonella quintana infection?

Answer 29

human lice (common in homeless) trench fever (5-day recurring fever)

Question 30

Clinical presentation of Bacillary angiomatosis?

Answer 30

papular/tumoral lesion in AIDS patients (blood vessel tumor), can be in an organ

Question 31

Clinical presentation of Leptospira interrogans?

Answer 31

Initial stage: bacteremia, vasculitis/edema/rash, petechiae Second stage: "Weil's disease"; liver and kidney involvement, bloodshot eyes, rare meningitis, toxic organ failure (nausea, vomiting, intense pain)

Question 32

Virulence factors and treatment of Leptospira interrogans?

Answer 32

Only LPS, PG doxycycline prophylaxis corticosteroids for kidney inflammation macrolides or quinolones (but limited effectiveness)

Question 33

Mode of transmission of Leptospira interrogans?

Answer 33

infected water, rat & dog urine