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Micro 7 > Zoonotic/Exotic Viruses of CNS > Flashcards

Zoonotic/Exotic Viruses of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonoses defnintion

A

diseases of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to man; either directly or indirectly through an insect vector.

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2
Q

name for zoonotic disease with an insect vector is called a?

A

arboviral disease

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3
Q

transmitted by mosquitoes

A

Flaviviruses :

  • West Nile Virus
  • Dengue
  • Yellow Fever Virus
  • St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
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4
Q

West Nile Virus - lifecycle & when does it pop up most?

A

-infected mosquiotes feed on birds
-virus replicates in birds
-other mosquitoes bite the bird and spready it
-some mosquiote eventually bites a human
-virus does not replicate well in us - Dead end host –> mosquito cant really spready human to human
(INCIDENTAL/ACCIDENTAL HOST)
-SUMMER EARLY FALL DISEASE

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5
Q

West Nile Virus - clinical/symptoms/who affected most?

A
  • sudden onset of febrile illness - nausea, vomiting, headache, eye pain, rash…
  • -mostly in OLDER PEOPLE*
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6
Q

West Nile Virus - diagnosis/treatment

A

—DIAGNOSIS: -Serology & CSF fluid

–Treatment: only supportive. No vaccine for humans- only horses

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7
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis Virus - transmission and when does it pop up most?

A
  • bird/horse - mosquito - human (dead end host)
  • late summer/early fall
  • southern US
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8
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis - symptom and who s:

A
  • sudden onset igh fever with headache,… can get wrose

- mostly OLD PEOPLE

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9
Q

St. Louis Encephalitis - treatment/vaccine/daignosis

A
  • Diagnosis - serology
  • treatment: none - supportive therapy
  • no vaccine
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10
Q

Japanese Encephalitis Virus

A
  • bird/horse/rodents - mosquito - human (dead end host)
  • most common in Japan
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11
Q

togaviruses (alpha viruses) types:

A
  • Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Virus
  • Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) Virus
  • Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Virus
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12
Q

Eastern/Wester Equine Encephalitis - location/peak when?

A

summer/fall /// June and July

-duh in the eastern/western US ish respectively

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13
Q

Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Virus - symptoms/presentation

A
  • sudden onset febrile illness
  • can progress to encephalitis
  • EASTER MORE SEVERE AND DEATH MORE COMMON -1/3 die –> so kind of severe even though not common
  • WESTERN IS MORE COMMON IN CHILDREN!
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14
Q

Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus - found where?

A

south and central america

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15
Q

Bunyaviruses

A

Hantaviruse

LaCrosse (California) Encephalitis Virus

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16
Q

LaCrosse (California) Encephalitis Virus- transmission/affects who/animal reservoir/peaks when? :

A
  • Arbovirus
  • Transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes
  • MOSTLY CHILDREN
  • squirrels and chipmunks (rodents)
  • Summer peak
  • fever headache , coma etc same shit
17
Q

Hantaviruses - transmission:

A

spread by inhalation of dried feces and urine from infected rodents

18
Q

Rhabdoviruses cause and this effects what animals?

A
  • rabies (lyssavirus)

- humans, and other mammals (skunks, bats, racoons)

19
Q

Rhabdoviruses transmission

A
  • Transmission is through infected saliva
  • Bites
  • Contamination of mucous membranes (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth)
  • Aerosol transmission
  • Corneal transplantations
  • Most infections are transmitted by exposure to infected dogs or bats
20
Q

Rhabdoviruses - infectious process

A

-Following inoculation the virus proliferates locally
-Virus enters peripheral nerves and is transported to the central nervous system (CNS)
(sensory and motor nerves)
-Incubation period of a few days to more than month.
(nonspecific flu-like signs — malaise, fever, or headache)
-The virus rapidly disseminates within the CNS and spreads to peripheral nerves
-ONCE YOU START PRESENTING SYMPTOMS THEN YOURE MOST LIKELY GOING TO DIE.

21
Q

Rabies - symptoms/presentation

A

-During the period of cerebral infection behavioral changes develop.
(anxiety, confusion, and agitation, progressing to delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, and insomnia)
-Hydrophobia (fear of water) is a classic sign of rabies and occurs in approximately 50% of cases.

22
Q

Rabies treatment/vaccine

A
  • NO Treatment - only supportative … once you show symptms youll die within two weeks.
  • vaccine!
23
Q

Rabies - diagnossi

A

usually post mortem - virus isolation or serology

-PRESENCE OF NEGRI BODIES IN ANIMALS (distinct intracytoplasmic inclusions in infected neurons)

24
Q

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) - whcih animal is reserve

A
  • Arena virus
  • Rodent-borne (COMMON MOUSE) virus which can causes aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis.
  • Most infections are asymptomatic or produce a mild febrile illnesses.
  • Pregnancy-related infection has been associated with abortion, and neurological deficits.
25
Q

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) - how humans get?

A
  • Humans become infected by inhaling infectious aerosolized particles of rodent urine, feces, or saliva, or by ingesting food contaminated with virus.
  • NOT REALLY PERSON TO PERSON TRANSFER EXCEPT MOTHER TO FETUS.
26
Q

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) - presentation:

A
  • Biphasic: (first phase) 1 week of fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle aches, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
  • (second phase)Remission for a few days, followed by a second, phase of disease. This consisting of symptoms of meningitis or of encephalitis.
  • most recover
  • some have temporary or permanent neurological damage
27
Q

Prions - what family of viruses? what is it actually??

A
  • SLOW VIRUS
  • proteinaceous infectious particle
  • OR CAN BE SPONTANEOUS OR INHERITED
28
Q

Nature of Prions

A
  • Lack detectable nucleic acid
  • Consists of aggregates of a protease, heat and chemically resistant hydrophobic glycoprotein known as PrP (prion protein).
  • Humans possess a protein closely related to the prion protein on many cell surfaces.
  • Unknown function
  • Infectious prion protein is either secreted or found in cytoplasmic aggregates.
  • The normal cellular prion-related protein is referred to as PrPc, the infectious form is known as PrPSc (scrapie prion protein).
29
Q

PrPc protein - what it looks like or whatever…

A

has an extended conformation containing numerous alpha-helicies.

30
Q

PrPSc protein - what it looks like or whatever…

A

has a globular conformation with beta-pleated sheets.

31
Q

Prion Replication

A
  • PrPSc binds to normal PrPc on the cell surface.
  • This induces its release and conversion to PrPSc.
  • The cell synthesizes new PrPc and the cycle is repeated.
  • Aggregates (fibrils) form, and are internalized by neurons. Neurons become vacuolated and amyloid plaques are deposited.
  • Protein PrP replicated in lymphatics and peripheral tissues and evenually found in CNS
  • loss of astrocyte and glial cell proliferation
  • amyloid plaques
  • neuronal vacuolization
32
Q

Prion Diseases - clinical/presentation

A
  • Slow, progressive neurological degeneration.
  • Incubation period is long (years to decades)
  • Death ensues rapidly (months) once symptoms appear.
  • loss of muscle control, shivering, jerks and tremors, behavioral changes and dementia.
33
Q

Prion Diseases diagnosis/treatment

A
  • postmortem exam of brain tissue

- no treatment –> need to disinfect your stuff (PREVENTION)

Micro 7 (6 decks)

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