zoonotic infections

Question 1

what antibiotic is usually used for all zoonotic infections ?

Answer 1

doxycycline

Question 2

what is the cause of cat scratch fever ?

Answer 2

bartonella henselae

Question 3

what is the presentation of cat scratch fever ?

Answer 3

usually happens in children and about a week later they exhibit tender lymphadenopathy proximal to the site of the scratch

Question 4

what rare complication is associated with cat scratch fever and AIDS patients ?

Answer 4

bacillary angiomatosis
which is often mistaken for kaposi sarcoma

Question 5

what is kaposi sarcoma caused by ?

Answer 5

angioproliferation due to HHV-8

Question 6

what are the key differences between kaposi sarcoma and bacillary angiomatosis ?

Answer 6

kaposi sarcoma on biopsy shows lymphocytes
BA shows neutrophils

Question 7

how can you get brucella and what type of patients get brucellosis ?

Answer 7

lives in cows and goats , get it from consuming unpasteurized milk and cheese
classic patient : worker in meat packing plant

Question 8

what is the presentation of brucellosis ?

Answer 8

flu like illness
high fever that rises and falls
profuse sweating

Question 9

what is the microbe that causes parrot fever ?

Answer 9

chlamydophila psittaci
psittacosis

Question 10

how does parrot fever happen and who are the classic patients ?

Answer 10

happens by the inhalation of dried parrot feces
classic patients : parrot pet owner or pet store employee

Question 11

what is the presentation of parrot fever ?

Answer 11

fever headache and a dry cough

Question 12

what is the cause of q fever and how is it transmitted ?

Answer 12

coxiella burnetti
forms spores that get inhaled

Question 13

where is the highest concentration of coxiella burnetti spores found ?

Answer 13

in placenta of infected animals

Question 14

what is the presentation of coxiella and how is it diagnosed ?

Answer 14

pneumonia with flu symptoms
culture negative endocarditis

diagnosis : serology

Question 15

what are the causes of culture negative endocarditis ?

Answer 15

evidence of endocarditis with sterile blood culture
cause by :
coxiella brunetti
bartonella

Question 16

what is the cause of rabbit fever , and what are the reservoirs ?

Answer 16

francisella tularensis
ticks deer flies and rabbits

Question 17

who is the classic patient associated with francisella infection ?

Answer 17

rabbit hunters

Question 18

what is the most common form of rabbit fever ?

Answer 18

ulceroglandular tularemia
fever chills and malaise
skin ulcer at site of bite
swollen painful lymph nodes

Question 19

what is the treatment of rabbit fever ?

Answer 19

streptomycin or doxycycline

Question 20

where is pasteurella found ?

Answer 20

lives in the mouths of cats and dogs

Question 21

what are the infections caused by pasteurella ?

Answer 21

cellulitis
osteomyelitis

Question 22

what is the cause of leptospirosis ?

Answer 22

leprtospira interrogans
lives in rodents and is transmitted through their urine which infects water bodies

Question 23

who is the classic patient associated with leptospirosis ?

Answer 23

classic case of a surfer or swimmer in the tropics

Question 24

what illness is transported through the lone star tick ?

Answer 24

ehrlichia

Question 25

what is the principle reservoir for ehrlichia ?

Answer 25

white tail deer

Question 26

what is seen on blood smear in ehrlichia ?

Answer 26

these are obligate intracellular bacteria berry like inclusions in monocytes morulae

Question 27

what are the symptoms of ehrlichia ?

Answer 27

flu like illness leukopenia thrombocytopenia

Question 28

what stain is used for intracellular bacteria ?

Answer 28

giemsa stain

Question 29

what bacteria is v similar to ehrlichia and what are the key distinctions ?

Answer 29

Anapalsma morula seen in granulocytes and not monocytes the tick vector is ixodes scapularis and not lone star tick

Question 30

what diseases have the vector ixodes scapularis ?

Answer 30

lyme disease babesiosis anaplasma

Question 31

what is the cause of lyme disease and what is the reservoir?

Answer 31

borrelia burgdorferi caused by tick bite of ixodes scapularis and the reservoir is mice

Question 32

what is the difference between rickettsia and chlamydia ?

Answer 32

both obligate intracellular bacteria use host ATP Chlamydia cannot make ATP Rickettsi can make some ATP

Question 33

how is chlamydia vs rickettsia transmitted ?

Answer 33

chlamydia - person to person rickettsia - tick or insect borne illness

Question 34

what are the three different rickettsia infections ?

Answer 34

r rickettsii ( rocky mountain spotted fever ) r typhi ( murine typhus) r prowazekii ( epidemic typhus )

Question 35

what is the difference between typhus and typhoid ?

Answer 35

typhus is caused by rickettsia typhoid is caused by salmonella

Question 36

what is the cause of rocky mountain spotted fever ?

Answer 36

ricketssia rickettsia

Question 37

what is the classic triad of rocky mountain fever ?

Answer 37

headache fever and rash maculopapular rash that involves the palms and soles starts with wrists/ankles

Question 38

what are the rare complications of rocky mountain spotted fever ?

Answer 38

DIC encephalitis seizures

Question 39

what is the cause of endemic typhus and what is the other name for it?

Answer 39

rickettsia typhi other name is murine typhus

Question 40

what is the reservoir of murine typhus and how is it transmitted ?

Answer 40

reservoir is rats transmitted from rats to fleas

Question 41

what is the presentation of endemic typhus ?

Answer 41

maculopapular rash that starts in the trunk

Question 42

what is the cause of epidemic typhus and what is it transmitted by ?

Answer 42

rickettsia prowazekii transmitted by body louse

Question 43

what is the bacteria responsible for the bubonic plague and what is the reservoir ?

Answer 43

yersinia pestis the reservoir is rats sometimes squirrels

Question 44

what is the presentation of the bubonic plague ( the hallmark )?

Answer 44

intense pain and swelling of a lymph node ares bubo