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ZUKU Review Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Which teeth are best x-rayed using the bisecting angle technique?

A. mandibular molars
B. mandibular premolars
C. maxillary incisors
D. temporomandibular joint

A

C. maxillary incisors

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2
Q

When is the bisecting radiograph technique typically preferred?

A

for maxillary teeth, mandibular canines and incisors

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3
Q

A tooth may appear what if you do not use the bisecting angle technique?

A

artificially foreshortened or elongated

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4
Q

What is another name for struvite crystals?

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate / triple phosphate

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5
Q

What is another name for struvite crystals?

A. calcium oxalate monohydrate
B. amorphous phosphate
C. magnesium ammonium phosphate
D. calcium carbonate

A

C. magnesium ammonium phosphate

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6
Q

What type of urine crystals can sometimes be found in animals with antifreeze toxicity?

A

calcium oxalate monohydrate

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7
Q

What type of urine crystal is wheel-shaped and appears in the urine of a healthy horse?

A

calcium carbonate

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8
Q

Abdominocentesis reveals sanguineous fluid.

How can you determine that it is fresh blood rather than just hemorrhagic fluid?

A. see if it clots
B. measure lactate
C. evaluate red blood cell morphology microscopically
D. take another sample and check color
E. measure viscosity
A

A. see if it clots

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9
Q

Which animal normally has cloudy urine and why?

A. ferrets; high mucus concentration
B. horses; calcium carbonate crystals
C. pigs; magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals
D. cats; struvite crystals
E. cloudy urine is abnormal in all species

A

B. horses; calcium carbonate crystals

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10
Q

What animals have high concentrations of calcium carbonate crystals and mucus in their urine?

A

horses and rabbits

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11
Q

What kind of problem may result in waxy casts in the urine sediment of a dog?

A. glomerular leakage
B. chronic renal tubular degeneration
C. pyelonephritis
D. renal hemorrhage

A

B. chronic renal tubular degeneration

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12
Q

Waxy casts in a urine sediment are thought to be older versions of what?

A

granular casts

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13
Q

Which direction is caudal?

A

towards the tail

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14
Q

What direction is rostral?

A

towards the nose

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15
Q

What does abaxial mean?

A

away from the middle of the animal

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16
Q

What does abduct mean?

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

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17
Q

What does adduct mean?

A

movement of a limb towards the midline

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18
Q

In regards to anatomy, OU means what?

A

both eyes

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19
Q

In regards to anatomy, OD means what?

A

right eye

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20
Q

In regards to anatomy, OS means what?

A

left eye

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21
Q

What is the most reliable sign of pain in animals?

A

change in behavior

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22
Q

Why is the brachioradialis muscle clinically significant in dogs and cats?

A. adjacent to tibial nerve
B. can be mistaken for cephalic vein in venipuncture
C. lies above axillary artery
D. implicated in medial patellar luxation
E. associated with brachial plexus avulsion

A

B. can be mistaken for cephalic vein in venipuncture

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23
Q

Where is the brachioradialis muscle located?

A

adjacent to the cephalic vein on the medial aspect of the forearm

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24
Q

Ketamine is classified as which kind of anesthetic agent?

A

dissociative

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25
When a clinician tests for a positive drawer sign in a dog, which part of the dog are they handling?
stifle
26
What does it mean if a cow is multiparous?
has given birth more than once
27
In what percentage should you expect dystocia in first-calf heifers?
10-15%
28
What is the purpose of the collimator in x-ray machine?
decrease scatter radiation
29
Which one of the following problems is most likely in a cat with the parasite Ollulanus tricuspis? A. vomiting after eating B. wasting and weight loss C. watery diarrhea D. constipation
A. vomiting after eating
30
What does it indicate if a mare in labor has sweat around her shoulders?
foaling within 30 minutes
31
A five-year-old Golden Retriever bitch is presented two weeks post-partum with a litter of ten puppies that are strong and growing. The owner noted that the bitch has been weak and trembling since that morning. As you are examining her, she begins to have tonic convulsions (involuntary contractions of voluntary muscles). What treatment should you get ready for the vet to administer as quickly as possible? ``` A. 8.4% sodium bicarbonate B. 50% magnesium sulfate C. 10% calcium gluconate D. injectable corticosteroids E. diazepam ```
10% calcium gluconate
32
When does eclampsia normally occur?
2-3 weeks post partum
33
What kind of problem may result in cellular casts containing WBCs in urine sediment of a dog?
pyelonephritis
34
Which suture material is made out of polypropylene? A. Prolene B. Vicryl C. Dexon D. PDS
A. Prolene
35
What is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats?
squamous cell carcinoma
36
What is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs?
malignant melanoma
37
What kind of artifact can occur when ultrasound waves hit uroliths?
shadowing
38
The bisecting radiograph technique is generally preferred for what teeth?
maxillary teeth, mandibular canines and incisors
39
What may happen if you do not use the bisecting angle on a tooth?
the tooth may appear artificially foreshortened or elongated
40
Which of the following animals does not display polychromasia and reticulocytosis with regenerative anemia? A. dog B. cow C. rabbit D. horse
D. horse
41
In horses, why isn't polychromasia and reticulocytes seen in peripheral blood in horses even with anemia?
horses do not release immature erythrocytes from the bone marrow
42
Why are atropine or glycopyrrolate (anti-cholinergics) often given as a premedication to dogs and cats before inducing anesthesia with ketamine or tiletamine? (Dissociative anesthetics)?
to decrease salivation
43
Atropine/Glycopyrrolate does what to the pupils?
dilates them
44
What test would you do to confirm a diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)?
Schirmer tear test
45
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca also known as?
dry eye
46
Dogs that don't have KCS should have what kind of tear test reading?
15mm/minute of wetting
47
Dogs that have KCS should have what kind of tear test reading?
less than 10mm/minute of wetting
48
When can you see transient keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)?
after anesthesia and use of atropine
49
Why is it acceptable for an animal to rebreathe exhaled gasses in a closed or semi-closed anesthetic circuit?
exhaled gases pass through a CO2 absorbent canister
50
The higher the flow rate, the ___ CO2 is pushed through the absorbent canister and is not rebreathed.
more
51
What does sonolucent mean?
dark on ultrasound
52
Which of the following choices is synonymous with sonolucent? ``` A. echoic B. sonotropic C. anechoic D. hyperechoic E. radiodense ```
C. anechoic
53
As you look closely at an abdominal radiograph from a large German Shepherd, you see many regularly-spaced alternating light and dark lines on the radiograph. What do these lines mean?
the image was shot with a grid under the dog
54
Body parts that measure greater than ___ require a grid.
10 cm
55
What does a grid prevent?
scatter radiation from reaching the film for a higher resolution image
56
What do significantly increased reticulocytes on a complete blood count (CBC) indicate?
regenerative anemia
57
Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of anesthesia? A. nonrebreathing B. partial rebreathing C. closed D. semi-closed system
C. closed
58
Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of anesthesia?
closed
59
What lab result would you expect to find in a cat with diabetes mellitus? A. increased urine glucose; decreased blood glucose B. low urine glucose; normal blood glucose C. increased urine glucose, increased blood glucose D. urinary infection; low blood glucose
C. increased urine glucose; increased blood glucose
60
Which drug can reverse the effects of xylazine?
yohimbine

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