cedb30002

- why protein misfolding might occur - evidence that PrP^Sc is the major structural component of the infectivity - proving the protein only hypothesis and evidence for the role of cofactors - prion strains - latrogenic transmission of prion disease

Protein trafficking

Cell Polarity - cells have polarity (especially epithelial cells) - polarity is important for function and survival - structure and role of the ECM in polarity - role for the cytoskeleton Apico-Basal Polarity (Epithelia) - Par3/Par6 and Crumbs complexes Asymmetric Cell Division and Cell Polarity (Stem cells) - Environmental and intrinsic factors Planar Polarity (Epithelia) - Wnt/PCP signalling

Bacterial transformation of plants - overview of GM agriculture - crown gall disease, a plant 'cancer' - the biology of Agrobacterium (white collar criminals) - Vir genes and T-strands - DNA transfer and events within the plant - biotechnology - Describe the roles of VirA and VirG from Agrobacterium in T-DNA transfer

agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation continued non-bacterial ways of transforming plants - why bother with other methods? - Guns - biolistic transformation - organelle transformation - what are plastids are why transform them? - plastid transformation — the problem of heteroplasmy - biotechnological applications — Bt toxin - viruses as a gene delivery system Using examples, give two advantages of expressing a foreign protein in the plastid over the nucleus? Describe ho

non bacterial ways of transforming plants (cont.) research applications of transgenic plants

Models of cell differentiation 1: Muscle differentiation 1. What is meant by the terms ‘determined’ and ‘differentiation’? 2. What are the four stages of development of striated muscle in culture? 3. What are the roles of Pax3, mrf4, myf5 and myoD during determination and differentiation of vertebrate skeletal muscle? 4. In muscle, what are satellite cells? 5. What types of division do satellite cells undergo? 6. What are some of the factors that affect quiescence, activation and prolifer

Stem Cells 1. What is a stem cell? 2. Potency and Types of stem cells 3. Characteristics of Embryonic stem (ES) cells 4. Hallmarks of pluripotency 5. Transcriptional regulatory circuitry in ES cells 6. Reprogramming somatic cells into iPS cells 7. Therapeutic potential of ES and iPS cells

Stem cells cont.

What can we do with the stem cells in the nervous system?

Genetic manipulation of mammalian animals and cells gene-targeting and recent advances

genetic manipulation of mammalian animals and cells transgenics

xenotransplantation