المحاضرة الحمراء

Question 1

How can the immune system differentiates
between different antigens?

Answer 1

By antigen receptor

Question 2

Epitopes bind to ?

Answer 2

TCR or BCR

Question 3

What is the smallest AgDIunit f i
biochemical unit of an Ag that is capable of eliciting an immune response ?

Answer 3

Epitope

Question 4

What is the APC ?

Answer 4

1- Macrophages
2- dendritic cells
3- B cells

Question 5

APC They express ?

Answer 5

MHC class II

Question 6

What is the main APC ?

Answer 6

Dendritic cells

Question 7

Extracellular antigens Processed by ?

Answer 7

APC

Question 8

Intracellular antigens Processed by ?

Answer 8

host cell

Question 9

MHC class II processing pathway ?

Answer 9

Externally

Question 10

MHC class I processing pathway ?

Answer 10

Internally

Question 11

CD4+ TH cells are ?

Answer 11

MHC II

Question 12

CD8+ Tc cells are ?

Answer 12

MHC I

Question 13

B 7 bind with ?

Answer 13

CD28

Question 14

Thymus- dependent antigens induce ?

Answer 14

IgM production as well as production of other Ig isotypes.

Question 15

Thymus- independent insideBm of
antigens “TI antigens” induce ?

Answer 15

IgM production only

Question 16

Are the most potent immunogens?

Answer 16

Proteins

Question 17

Weak immunogenic to high immunogenic ?

Answer 17

Adjuvant

Question 18

The 1st adjuvant preparation used was ?

Answer 18

Al(OH)3

Question 19

Examples of haptens:

Answer 19

1- Antibiotics as penicillin
2- Analgesics as aspirin
3- Hormones as peptide and steroid hormones

Question 20

Specific antibodies that cross react with heterophil antigens are known as ?

Answer 20

heterophil antibodies.

Question 21

They cause polycolonal activation of T cells ?

Answer 21

Superantigens

Question 22

What is the two main histocompatibility systems ?

Answer 22

1- ABO
2- MHC

Question 23

MHC class II processing pathway

Answer 23

Externally

Question 24

MHC class I processing pathway

Answer 24

Internally

Question 25

Endogenous Ag (cytoplasm)

Answer 25

1- Cytosolic pathway 2- MHC 1 3- CD8

Question 26

Enxogenous Ag Phagocytosed (endosome)

Answer 26

1- Endocytic Pathway 2- MHC 2 3- CD4

Question 27

Thymus- dependent antigens “TD Ags”

Answer 27

1- need Th cells 2- induce IgM and other Ig isotypes. 3- memory 4- They constitute most of Ags (proteins)

Question 28

Thymus- independent insideBm of antigens “TI antigens”

Answer 28

1- without TH 2- IgM only 3- They are characterized by having multiple repeating epitopes 4- no memory 5- few Ags are TI, like bacterial polysaccharides.

Question 29

Foreignness

Answer 29

a molecule must be recognized as Non Self

Question 30

What are the most potent immunogen?

Answer 30

Proteins

Question 31

Chemical composition

Answer 31

1- Proteins 2- Polysaccharides

Question 32

do not serve as immunogens

Answer 32

Lipids & nucleic acids

Question 33

Example of Homopolymers

Answer 33

bacillus anthracis capsule; it is a polyglutamate capsule

Question 34

more immunogenic

Answer 34

Large, insoluble

Question 35

enhance the immunogenicity of that Ag.

Answer 35

Adjuvants

Question 36

ADJUVANTS from bacteria ?

Answer 36

1- Bacterial LPS (as that of pertussis present in DPT vaccine) 2- Mycobacterial cell wall in BCG

Question 37

Heterophil antigens are ?

Answer 37

are non specific

Question 38

Heterophil antigens may be used in diagnosis because

Answer 38

1- easily prepared 2- Safer to prepare 3- Cheaper

Question 39

Paul Bunnel test:

Answer 39

Sheep RBCs/ EBV

Question 40

Weil Felix test:

Answer 40

Gram negative bacilli (proteus)/ Rickettsia

Question 41

VDRL, RPR, TRUST (non specific tests for syphilis):

Answer 41

Cardiolipin Ag / Treponema pallidum

Question 42

Superantigens

Answer 42

act as a clamp between T cells and APCs

Question 43

Superantigens cause

Answer 43

polycolonal activation of T cells

Question 44

HLA B27

Answer 44

Ankylosing spondoylitis

Question 45

HLA DR4

Answer 45

Rheumatoid Arthritis