ᴀꜱꜱᴇꜱꜱᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪ ꜱᴛᴜᴅʏ ɢᴜɪᴅᴇ Flashcards

Question

What is the difference between mere “**ideological polarization**” & “**pernicious polarization**.”

Answer 1

**IDEOLOGICAL POLARIZATION** REFERS TO HARMLESS & EVEN BENEFICIAL FOR DEMOCRATIC POLITICS WHILE **PERNICIOUS POLARIZATION** IS WHEN THE TWO POLITICAL PARTIES VIEW EACH OTHER AS ENEMIES & THREATS

Answer 2

**PERNICIOUS POLARIZATION** WOULD BE THE ONLY FORM OF POLARIZATION THAT IS CONSIDERED A THREAT TO DEMOCRACY BECAUSE CITIZENS START TO VIEW EACH OTHER AS ENEMIES WHO POSE A FUNDAMENTAL THREAT TO THE COUNTRY & ONE'S WAY OF LIFE RATHER THAN VIEWING THEM AS POLITICAL OPPONENTS

Answer 3

**SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY** REFERS TO A THEORY FROM SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY THAT SEEKS TO EXPLAIN WHY INDIVIDUALS DEFINE THEMSELVES IN REFERENCE TO GROUPS & HOW THIS KIND OF SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION INFLUENCES HOW MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS PERCEIVE & ACT TOWARDS ONE ANOTHER

Answer 4

**INGROUPS** REFER TO A GROUP TO WHICH ONE BELONGS OR IDENTIFIES WITH

Answer 5

**OUTGROUPS** REFER TO A GROUP TO WHICH ONE DOES NOT BELONG OR IDENTIFIES WITH

Answer 6

**INGROUP FAVORITISM** REFERS TO THE TENDENCY TO SEE ONE'S IN - GROUP FAVORABLY & TREAT MEMBERS OF IT BETTER THAN MEMBERS OF OUTGROUPS

Answer 7

**OUTGROUP DEROGATION** REFERS TO THE TENDENCY TO SEE OUTGROUPS NEGATIVELY & TREAT MEMBERS OF THEM LESS WELL THAN MEMBERS OF INGROUPS

Answer 8

**CROSS - CUTTING SOCIAL IDENTITIES** REFERS TO A CITIZEN THAT DOES NOT THINK OF THEIR PARTISAN IDENTITY AS BEING CLOSELY RELATED TO THEIR OTHER ( MORE IMPORTANT ) SOCIAL IDENTITIES. MEGA - IDENTITY REFERS TO A PARTISAN IDENTITY THAT IS REINFORCED & MAGNIFIED BY MULTIPLE SOCIAL IDENTITIES PARTISANSHIP TODAY WOULD BE BEST DESCRIBED BY THE TERM **MEGA - IDENTITY** **CROSS - CUTTING IDENTITIES** HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY **MEGA - IDENTITIES** WHICH HAD LED TO THE RISE OF PERNICIOUS POLARIZATION

Answer 9

**THE GREAT & RADICAL VICE** REFERS TO THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT HAS AUTHORITY, & EXERCISE POWER OVER THE STATE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WAS UNABLE TO EFFECTIVELY EXERCISE POWER OVER STATE GOVERNMENTS; COULDN'T LEVY TAXES, COULDN'T FUND THE ARMY; LEAD TO A COLLECTIVE ACTION PROBLEM

Answer 10

**THE GREAT COMPROMISE** REFERS TO A COMPROMISE BETWEEN THE LARGE & SMALL STATES OF THE COLONIES. THE GREAT COMPROMISE RESOLVED THAT THERE WOULD BE REPRESENTATION BY POPULATION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, & EQUAL REPRESENTATION WOULD EXIST IN THE SENATE. EACH STATE, REGARDLESS OF SIZE, WOULD HAVE 2 SENATORS. ALL TAX BILLS & REVENUES WOULD ORIGINATE IN THE HOUSE. THIS COMPROMISE COMBINED THE NEEDS OF BOTH LARGE & SMALL STATES & FORMED A FAIR & SENSIBLE RESOLUTION TO THEIR PROBLEMS

Answer 11

**THE VIRGINIA PLAN & THE NEW JERSEY PLAN** **VIRGINIA PLAN** REFERS TO THE LARGE STATE PLAN THE PROPOSAL AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION THAT CALLED FOR REPRESENTATION OF EACH STATE IN CONGRESS TO BE PROPORTIONAL TO ITS POPULATION **NEW JERSEY PLAN** REFERS TO THE SMALL STATE PLAN THE PROPOSAL AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION THAT CALLED FOR EQUAL REPRESENTATION OF EACH STATE IN CONGRESS REGARDLESS OF THE STATE's POPULATION

Answer 12

**THE THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE** REFERS TO WHERE SLAVE - STATE DELEGATES WANTED EACH SLAVE TO BE COUNTED AS AT LEAST THREE-FIFTHS OF A PERSON

Answer 13

THIS WOULD GUARANTEE SLAVE STATES A MAJORITY OF SEATS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THIS WOULD INCREASE THE NUMBER OF DELEGATES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Answer 14

**THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE** REFERS TO A SYSTEM ESTABLISHED FOR ELECTING PRESIDENTS; THE NUMBER OF ELECTORS IN EACH STATE SHOULD EQUAL THE NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES EACH STATE HAD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Answer 15

THE SLAVE TRADE CLAUSE GUARANTEED THAT CONGRESS WOULD NOT BAN THE SLAVE TRADE PRIOR TO 1808

Answer 16

THE **FUGITIVE SLAVE CLAUSE** GRANTED SLAVE OWNERS A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO RECAPTURE RUNAWAY SLAVES WHO HAD FLED TO OTHER STATES, INCLUDING STATES WHERE SLAVERY WAS ILLEGAL. IT ALSO TOOK AWAY THE RIGHTS OF STATES TO PASS LAWS TO PROTECT & / OR EMANCIPATE RUNAWAY SLAVES

Answer 17

( 1 ) FEDERALISM ( 2 ) POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY ( 3 ) REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY ( 4 ) BICAMERALISM ( 5 ) SEPARATION OF POWERS / CHECK & BALANCES ( 6 ) SMALL LIST OF CIVIL LIBERTIES

Answer 18

**FEDERALISM** REFERS TO A SYSTEM IN WHICH POWER IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE NATIONAL & STATE GOVERNMENTS

Answer 19

THE **SUPREMACY CLAUSE** REFERS TO WHEN THE CONSTITUTION GRANTS FEDERAL LAWS SUPERIOR AUTHORITY OVER STATE LAWS

Answer 20

**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY** REFERS TO THE IDEA THAT THE POWER OF A STATE & ITS GOVERNMENT ARE CREATED & SUSTAINED BY THE PERMISSION OF ITS PEOPLE

Answer 21

IT STATES, "WE THE PEOPLE ... DO ORDAIN AND ESTABLISH THIS CONSTITUTION FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." THEY SPEAK TO THE FACT THAT, BY THE RULES SET IN ARTICLE VII, BEFORE THE CONSTITUTION COULD BE CONSIDERED "ESTABLISHED," IT HAD TO BE APPROVED BY SPECIAL POPULARLY ELECTED RATIFYING CONVENTIONS IN AT LEAST NINE OF THE THIRTEEN STATES. THE CONSTITUTION ALSO REPRESENTS POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY BY ALLOWING THE THE CONSTITUTION FOR BEING CHANGED.

Answer 22

THE FOUNDERS CHOSE A BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE BECAUSE IT FACILITATED THE GREAT COMPROMISE, WHICH WOULD ALLOW STATES TO BE REPRESENTED EQUALLY IN ONE CHAMBER ( THE SENATE ) & PROPORTIONALLY BASED ON POPULATION SIZE IN ANOTHER ( THE HOUSE )

Answer 23

**SEPARATION OF POWERS** REFERS TO PRINCIPLE OF GOVERNMENT THAT MEANS LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, & JUDICIAL POWERS ARE EXERCISED BY THREE SEPARATE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT CONSISTING OF DISTINCT INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE STAFFED BY OFFICIALS WHO SERVE IN ONLY ONE INSTITUTION AT A TIME

Answer 24

**CHECKS & BALANCES** REFERS TO PRINCIPLE OF GOVERNMENT THAT MEANS THE DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT EXERT ENOUGH POWER OVER ONE ANOTHER IN ORDER TO KEEP EACH OTHER WITHIN THEIR PROPER CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITS

Answer 25

WHEN THE FOUNDERS SENT THE CONSTITUTION OUT FOR RATIFICATION, THE MOST SERIOUS CRITICISM LEVELED AGAINST IT WAS THAT IT LACKED A LIST OF LEGALLY PROTECTED CIVIL LIBERTIES LIKE ALL THE STATE CONSTITUTIONS HAD LEGAL RIGHTS DESIGNED TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM ABUSE OF POWER BY GOVERNMENT

Answer 26

**PROPOSING AMENDMENTS** **⅔** VOTE BY CONGRESS **⅔** OF STATE LEGISLATURES PETITIONING CONGRESS TO CALL A SPECIAL CONVENTION **RATIFYING AMENDMENTS** **¾** OF STATE LEGISLATURE VOTING TO RATIFY **¾** OF SPECIAL POPULARLY - ELECTED RATIFYING CONVENTIONS

Answer 27

SLAVERY & WHITE SUPREMACY WERE CHALLENGED & LIMITED FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE FOUNDERS' CONSTITUTION ALLOWED BOTH TO GO UNCHECKED, THESE AMENDMENTS SAW SLAVERY ABOLISHED & WHITE SUPREMACY BEING CHECKED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN U.S. HISTORY

Answer 28

**FEDERAL GOVERNMENT** AUTHORITY IS DIVIDED & PARTLY SHARED BETWEEN A CENTRAL GOVERNMENT & MEMBER STATE GOVERNMENT. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DOES NOT HAVE UNILATERAL AUTHORITY TO ALTER THE LEGAL POWERS / JURISDICTION OF MEMBER STATE GOVERNMENTS, WHEREAS IN **UNITARY GOVERNMENTS**, THE CENTRAL GOV CAN ALTER THE LEGAL POWERS / JURISDICTION OF MEMBER STATE GOVERNMENTS **RESERVED POWERS** ENTAIL AREAS OF PUBLIC POLICY OVER WHICH ONLY THE STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVE AUTHORITY

Answer 29

( 1 ) Preserving the Union ( 2 ) Reducing Compliance Costs Through Standardization & Uniformity of Rules ( 3 ) Providing National Public Goods & Reducing Negative Externalities ( 4 ) Protecting Minority Rights ( 5 ) Preventing Races to the Bottom

Answer 30

ACTS AS A GUARANTOR OF PEACE, PROSPERITY, & COOPERATION PREVENTS STATES FROM BECOMING TOO INDEPENDENT OR POWERFUL

Answer 31

NO PAY CUSTOMS FEES WHEN GOING TO A DIFFERENT STATE BUSINESSES COULD EXPAND TO OTHER STATES REDUCES OPPORTUNITY COST

Answer 32

MORE LIKELY TO PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PUBLIC GOODS STATES ARE MORE LIMITED / SELFISH IN THEIR MOTIVES TO OVERCOME THE TEMPTATION TO FREE-RIDE

Answer 33

MORE LIKELY TO PROTECT MINORITY RIGHTS THAN SMALLER DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS ( SLAVES )

Answer 34

MORE LIKELY TO UPHOLD HIGHER STANDARDS THAN STATES IN REGULATING LARGE CORPORATIONS **RACE TO THE BOTTOM** REFERS TO WHEN ECONOMIC COMPETITION BETWEEN STATES ENABLES THEM TO ENACT SOCIALLY SUBOPTIMAL REGULATIONS TO ATTRACT / RETAIN LARGE BUSINESSES & THE JOBS THEY PROVIDE

Answer 35

( 1 ) Protecting Liberty ( 2 ) Representing the Diversity of Local Community Values & Interests ( 3 ) Learning from Policy Experimentation (“Laboratories of Democracy”) ( 4 ) Benefiting from “Foot Voting” ( 5 ) Fostering Democratic Citizenship

Answer 36

UNITARY GOVERNMENT IS MORE LIKELY TO BECOME OPPRESSIVE & CAN'T EFFECTIVELY CONTROL LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT WITHOUT STATE GOVERNMENTS SERVING AS A CHECK ON THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT'S POWER, THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WILL DOMINATE THE PEOPLE & STRIP THEM OF THEIR POWER

Answer 37

SINCE THERE IS MUCH DIVERSITY IN VALUES & INTERESTS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, IT CAN BE BETTER TO ALLOW DECISIONS TO BE MADE AT THE MOST LOCAL LEVEL POSSIBLE

Answer 38

FEDERALISM ALLOWS STATES TO CONDUCT THEIR OWN POLICY EXPERIMENTS & THIS ALLOWS EVERYONE TO LEARN WHAT WORKS BEST & WHAT DOES NOT IT PROMOTES PROGRESS TOWARD BETTER APPROACHES TO PUBLIC POLICY BY ALLOWING US TO LEARN FROM THE STATE "LABORATORIES OF DEMOCRACY"

Answer 39

IF PEOPLE DON'T LIKE THE POLICIES OF THEIR REGION, THEY CAN VOTE BY MOVING TO DIFFERENT REGIONS WHERE THEY FIND THE POLICIES MORE ACCEPTABLE SERVES AS A DETERRENT FROM GOVERNMENTS ENACTING UNJUST / INEFFICIENT LAWS

Answer 40

INCREASES THE NUMBER OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR CITIZENS TO PARTICIPATE IN DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT & PRACTICE / DEVELOP THE SKILLS, HABITS, & DISPOSITIONS ESSENTIAL FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP

Answer 41

**JUDICIAL REVIEW** REFERS TO THE AUTHORITY OF THE SUPREME COURT TO STRIKE DOWN UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS MADE BY GOVERNMENT

Answer 42

THE AUTHORITY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS LIMITED TO ONLY THOSE LEGAL POWERS THAT ARE DELEGATED TO IT BY THE US CONSTITUTION ( LIMITED SPHERE OF AUTHORITY ) UNLESS THE US CONSTITUTION - OR A STATE'S CONSTITUTION - PROHIBITS A STATE FROM EXERCISING A PARTICULAR POWER, THEN THE STATE IS PRESUMED TO HAVE THAT POWER

Answer 43

**ENUMERATED POWERS** REFER TO SPECIFIC POWERS EXPLICITLY GRANTED TO CONGRESS FOUND IN ARTICLE I, SECTION 8 OF THE CONSTITUTION

Answer 44

**IMPLIED POWERS** REFER TO POWERS IMPLIED BY THE TEXT OF THE CONSTITUTION TO CONGRESS

Answer 45

THE **NECESSARY & PROPER CLAUSE** REFERS TO CONGRESS SHALL HAVE POWER... GIVE THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THE IMPLIED POWER TO PASS ANY LAW "NECESSARY AND PROPER" FOR THE EXECUTION OF ITS EXPRESS POWERS

Answer 46

**AMENDMENT - ENFORCING PROVISIONS** REFER TO PROVISIONS OF SIX AMENDMENTS ( 13ᵀᴴ, 14ᵀᴴ, 15ᵀᴴ, 19ᵀᴴ, 23ᴿᴰ, 26ᵀᴴ ) THAT GRANT CONGRESS AUTHORITY TO ENFORCE THE RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY THE AMENDMENTS

Answer 47

**"POLICE POWER"** REFERS TO THE IDEA THAT A GOVERNMENT HAS INHERENT AUTHORITY TO MAKE LAWS & REGULATIONS TO PROMOTE THE HEALTH, SAFETY, WELFARE, & MORALS OF THE PEOPLE THE IDEA THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ONLY HAS THOSE POWERS DELEGATED TO IT BY THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN INTERPRETED AS AFFIRMING THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOES NOT HAVE INHERENT **"POLICE POWER"** **NO**, AS LONG AS STATES DON'T VIOLATE A LEGAL LIMIT PLACED ON THEM BY THE US / STATE CONSTITUTION, STATES MAY DO WHATEVER THEY CHOOSE TO PROMOTE THE HEALTH, SAFETY, WELFARE, & MORALS OF THE PEOPLE

Answer 48

THIS FORM OF FEDERALISM IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS **'LAYER CAKE FEDERALISM,'** BECAUSE EACH LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT IS SEEN AS SEPARATE FROM THE OTHER, WITH THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAVING AUTHORITY OVER NATIONAL MATTERS & STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVING AUTHORITY OVER STATE MATTERS

Answer 49

**PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAX** REFERS TO A FAIRER TAX THAT WOULD REDUCE ECONOMIC INEQUALITY

Answer 50

SHIFTED TAX BURDEN FROM FALLING HARDEST ON LOW-INCOME CITIZENS TO HIGH-INCOME CITIZENS. DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL BY THE SUPREME COURT IN 1895. RATIFIED AS 16ᵀᴴ AMENDMENT IN 1913 BY CONGRESS

Answer 51

THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOT STATE GOVERNMENTS TO IMPLEMENT NATIONAL PROGRAMS THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT COULDN'T FEASIBLY ( OR CONSTITUTIONALLY ) IMPLEMENT ON ITS OWN

Answer 52

**WELFARE STATE** REFERS TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY TO SECURE RIGHTS TO A GOOD EDUCATION, DECENT HOME, ADEQUATE MEDICAL CARE, & PROTECTION FORM THE ECONOMIC FEARS OF OLD AGE, SICKNESS, ACCIDENT, & UNEMPLOYMENT" IT ALLOWS CONGRESS TO PROVIDE BENEFITS TO PARTICULAR GROUPS, SO LONG AS CONGRESS BELIEVES DOING SO WILL PROMOTE THE OVERALL WELFARE OF THE COUNTRY. MOST IMPORTANTLY, THE SUPREME COURT DECLARED THAT FOR THE MOST PART, IT WAS NOT ITS ROLE TO SECOND-GUESS CONGRESS' DETERMINATIONS ABOUT WHAT WILL PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE. THIS MEANT CONGRESS WAS FREE TO BUILD WELFARE STATE PROGRAMS WITHOUT WORRYING ABOUT THE SUPREME COURT DECLARING THEM UNCONSTITUTIONAL

Answer 53

**“GREAT SOCIETY”** REFERS TO PRESIDENT LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON's ( LBJ ) AMBITIOUS PUBLIC POLICY THAT SOUGHT TO WAGE A WAR ON POVERTY BY PROVIDING JOB TRAINING & DIRECT INCOME TO SUPPORT THE POOR, IMPROVE ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION, MEDICAL CARE, & TRANSPORTATION FOR LOW INCOME AMERICANS, PROVIDE FUNDS & LEGAL SERVICES FOR THE POOR, PROMOTE RACIAL EQUALITY, PROTECT CONSUMERS & THE ENVIRONMENT & PROMOTE THE ARTS

Answer 54

**"GRANTS-IN-AID"** REFER TO GRANTS IN THE FORM OF MONEY OR LAND PROVIDED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO STATE & / OR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ON THE CONDITION THAT THE FUNDS BE USED FOR PURPOSES DEFINED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Answer 55

**CATEGORICAL GRANTS** REFER TO A TYPE OF FEDERAL GRANT-IN-AID THAT PROVIDES RELATIVELY STRICT & SPECIFIC GUIDELINES ON HOW THE STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT RECEIVING THE MONEY MUST SPEND IT. BY ACCEPTING THESE FUNDS IN THE '60s, STATES ALLOWED THE FED GOVERNMENT TO DEFINE & OVERSEE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANY ASPECTS OF PUBLIC POLICY THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN CARRIED OUT WITH LITTLE OR NO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT

Answer 56

THESE INCREASED THE INTERMINGLING OF FEDERAL & STATE FUNCTIONS WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT USING **CATEGORICAL GRANTS** TO INDUCE STATES TO IMPLEMENT NATIONAL POLICY PRIORITIES IN AREAS THAT HAS PREVIOUSLY BEEN HANDLED SOLELY BY THE STATES

Answer 57

**COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM** REFERS TO THE INCREASED INTERMINGLING OF FEDERAL & STATE FUNCTIONS - WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT USING CATEGORICAL GRANTS TO INDUCE STATES TO IMPLEMENT NATIONAL POLICY PRIORITIES IN AREAS THAT HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN HANDLED SOLELY BY THE STATES. KNOWN AS "MARBLE CAKE FEDERALISM" TO HIGHLIGHT THE FUNCTIONS & ROLES OF FEDERAL & STATE GOVERNMENTS

Answer 58

**DUAL FEDERALISM** REFERS TO FEDERALISM MARKED BY A CLEAR DIVISION OF AUTHORITY & RESPONSIBILITY BETWEEN THE FEDERAL & STATE GOVERNMENTS. STATES FOCUSED ON PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES, REGULATING INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORS, ETC. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FOCUSED ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, REGULATING RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATES, & COORDINATING EFFORTS AN INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS ( LAYER CAKE FEDERALISM )

Answer 59

**BLOCK GRANTS** REFER TO A FEDERAL GRANT-IN-AID THAT PROVIDES STATES & / OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT WITH SIGNIFICANT FREEDOM TO DECIDE HOW TO SPEND THE MONEY

Answer 60

**DEVOLUTION** REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RETURNING FUNCTIONS & POWERS TO STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENTS THAT HAD BEEN ASSUMED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. SINCE THE NEW DEAL & GREAT SOCIETY

Answer 61

NIXON WANTED STATES TO HAVE MORE RIGHTS AGAIN, THIS DESIRE & THE ACTS HE PUT IN PLACE TO ACHIEVE IT CHANGED THE AMERICAN FEDERALIST SYSTEM BY TAKING POWER AWAY FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ( HE WANTED TO APPEASE CONSERVATIVES )

Answer 62

PRESIDENT REAGAN SET OUT TO "**STARVE THE BEAST**" ( REFERRING TO DRASTICALLY REDUCING TAXES & FORCING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO CUT SPENDING TO BALANCE THE BUDGET ). THEN, HE CALLED FOR A REDUCTION OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’s POWER & STRENGTH OF THE 10ᵀᴴ AMENDMENT PRINCIPLE THE RESULTS OF THE MEASURES WERE MIXED, THE SUCCESSES WERE THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE 1950s THERE WAS A REDUCTION IN SPENDING ON FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GRANTS-IN-AID TO STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. SPENDING GRANTS TO THE STATE & LOCAL GOVERNMENTS DECLINED BY 33% DURING REAGAN'S TIME IN OFFICE. CONVERTING CATEGORICAL GRANTS TO BLOCK GRANTS DIRECTLY INCREASES STATE GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY TO DECIDE HOW FUNDS ARE SPENT. THE FAILURES WERE THAT THE TAX CUTS DID NOT LEAD THE GOVERNMENT TO REDUCE OVERALL SPENDING NEARLY AS MUCH, SPENDING ACTUALLY INCREASED. THE NATIONAL DEBT DOUBLED DUE TO REAGAN'S POLICIES & THE LIMITING OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING

Answer 63

**PRINCIPLED FEDERALISM** REFERS TO A PREFERENCE FOR A PARTICULAR ALLOCATION OF AUTHORITY BETWEEN NATIONAL & STATE GOVERNMENTS THAT ONE CONSISTENTLY ADHERES TO EVEN IF ONE DISLIKES THE POLICY OUTCOMES

ᴀꜱꜱᴇꜱꜱᴍᴇɴᴛ ɪ ꜱᴛᴜᴅʏ ɢᴜɪᴅᴇ Flashcards

(87 cards)