文法

Question 1

What is added before の in an explanatory context?

Answer 1

な

Question 2

の/のだ and ので (explanatory) are shortened to?

Answer 2

んだ and んで

Question 3

Stem +に行く means

Answer 3

To go and do something

Question 4

か can be used in a subordinate clause

Answer 4

To make a mini-question within a larger sentence

Question 5

Adding どうか before the final sentence verb

Answer 5

Implies “whether or not”

Question 6

て+おく(置く)/とく

Answer 6

Task completion in preparation for something else

Question 7

動詞+事／よう(様)になる/する

Answer 7

Changes verb to a noun

Question 8

動詞(plain)+と+result

Answer 8

Cause and effect

Question 9

名詞/形容動詞+ だと+result

Answer 9

Cause and effect

Question 10

Assumed context 動詞plain+なら+result

Answer 10

If this is the case then… (ならば makes it more formal)

Question 11

形容詞 + negatives ending 「ない」

Answer 11

Drop い and add ければ. Emphasises the condition - IF… Then…

Question 12

When past conditional is actually used in the past

Answer 12

It expresses an unexpected result

Question 13

~ては駄目（だめ)

Answer 13

Must not (casual)

Question 14

Negativeて＋は駄目/いけない/ならない

Answer 14

Must do something

Question 15

Negative 動詞、drop い, +ければ駄目/いけない/ならない

Answer 15

Must do (general)

Question 16

Must なくて and なければ casual

Answer 16

なくちゃ and なきちゃ respectively (the rest is optional)

Question 17

ては→ちゃ、では→じゃ駄目、etc

Answer 17

Casual “must not do”

Question 18

って (て when no sound precedes it)

Answer 18

Casual of と言います, and can also just replace は and という+ any accompanying particles

Question 19

という

Answer 19

Used to describe what something is known as - kinda like “this is/you are, etc)
Also verb used to talk about a subordinate clause

Question 20

というか/ということ

Answer 20

To give a different conclusion/correct something/interject. Similar to “rather” or “then”. Very broad meaning

Question 21

とはいっても/だって (casual)

Answer 21

But even so

Question 22

Volitional+とする

Answer 22

Attempt/strive to do something. Can also use alternatives to する

Question 23

Ask for favours by…

Answer 23

~てくれる/〜てもられる (use negative to sound more polite)

Question 24

Ask for someone to not do something by…

Answer 24

Adding でくれる/もられる to the negative

Question 25

ってば／ったら

Answer 25

Casual of といえば & といったら. Tired of repeating oneself

Question 26

やがる

Answer 26

Indicates hatred for person doing the action. Add to verb stem, conjugates like う verb

Question 27

~てしまう

Answer 27

Unintentional

Question 28

ところ

Answer 28

Can also use for abstract parts, e.g characteristics, place in time

Question 29

もの

Answer 29

Emphasises explanations, similar to の at sentence end. Can say もん to sound cutesy and cheeky, e.g "so there :p"

Question 30

To say "the more you..."

Answer 30

conditional of 動詞+ 同じ動詞+ ほど. Use ば conditional for 形容詞. For 形容動詞、use なら conditional

Question 31

形容詞から名詞まで

Answer 31

Remove い, add さ or add さ to 形容動詞. E.g 難しい→難しさ、difficult→difficulty

Question 32

ほど

Answer 32

Expresses the extent of something. Add to relevant verb/noun/adjective in the sentence.

Question 33

も

Answer 33

Add after quantity to express excessive amounts

Question 34

しか/っきゃ

Answer 34

Used in negative sentences. Suggests "nothing but/nothing else". っきゃ is used instead for more emphasis

Question 35

Negative 動詞+と駄目/いけない/ならない

Answer 35

No choice must

Question 36

~ては+いけない vs ならない

Answer 36

Both must not, but ならない is used more for policies/rules

Question 37

I adjective as adverb + なる

Answer 37

Become something

Question 38

名詞+にする

Answer 38

To decide on something, e.g choosing from a menu

Question 39

あり＋得る(える/うる)

Answer 39

Something is possible

Question 40

て+ある

Answer 40

Expresses task completion

Question 41

そうだ hearsay.

Answer 41

Can add to verb, noun, adjective. Always present tense.

Question 41

によって "depending on". て of よる

Answer 41

Attach to whatever it depends on

Question 41

によると、"according to"

Answer 41

Attach to what it's according to

Question 41

難い、がたい or辛い づらい attached to 動詞 stem

Answer 41

Alt to にくい、used more for writing, and for less physical action.辛い is coarser

Question 41

動詞+ないで+動詞, or stem+ず (でもする→せず、くる→こず)

Answer 41

Did something without doing something else. ず is more formal

Question 41

訳、わけ at end of sentence

Answer 41

Meaning/reason/can be deduced/in conclusion

Question 41

訳がない (が is often dropped)

Answer 41

No reasonable conclusion

Question 41

Past+とたん(に)

Answer 41

As soon as you do something, something else (out of your control) happens

Question 41

Stem+まくる

Answer 41

Do/don't do all the time

Question 41

より+qu words e.g 誰

Answer 41

Superlative

Question 42

っぱなし

Answer 42

Attached to verb stem. Means doing something and leaving it that way without changing it.

Question 43

〜ており

Answer 43

Official lang version of 〜ている

Question 44

はず、はずがない、etc

Answer 44

Describes an expectation. Use like regular noun. Tag on to end of sentence

Question 45

可き、べき

Answer 45

One is "supposed to". Like regular noun (する can be すべき)

Question 46

(で)さえ

Answer 46

Not even close/ did/didn't even. で makes it more emphatic. | Added to verb stem expresses minimum action for a result, "at least do this and this will happen"

Question 47

おろか

Answer 47

Something is not even worth doing/considering. Noun/stem +はおろか

Question 48

〜がる, someone is acting a certain way

Answer 48

形容詞: い→がる、な: add がる. | All turn into う adjectives

Question 49

形容詞+がり屋

Answer 49

Describes how one often feels, e.g cold

Question 50

動詞 conjugated to ん+ばかり (or tagged to past tense)

Answer 50

One seems to want to do something/ as if

Question 51

めくattached to 名詞 or 形容動詞

Answer 51

Describes atmosphere. Becomes う動詞

Question 52

Stem+がち/名詞+がち

Answer 52

One is prone to doing something

Question 53

と思いきや

Answer 53

To your surprise/surprisingly. Same function as と思う

Question 54

名詞/動詞stem+がてら

Answer 54

For concurrent actions, but 1 being the main action. E.g.　散歩がてら、タバコを買いに行きました。 - While taking a stroll, I also used that time to buy cigarettes.

Question 55

動詞/名詞+あげく

Answer 55

To describe an eventual (usually bad) result. Treat like a noun (useの) or add to past verb

Question 56

Volitional+が+neg volitional+が

Answer 56

Doesn't matter whether or not

Question 57

名詞+だらげ

Answer 57

Something is riddled with/covered with

Question 58

名詞+まみれ

Answer 58

Same as だらけ but for literal physical coverings

Question 59

名詞+ずくめ

Answer 59

To describe something relevant to the whole thing, e.g "from head to toe"

Question 60

動詞past+が早いか+consequential event

Answer 60

Describes an action that immediately occurs as a direct result of the first verb.

Question 61

Make something happen

Answer 61

Stem+かける