生物学基础与胎儿发育 Flashcards

1
Q

胎儿期

A

从受孕到出生的这段时间

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2
Q

胎龄

A

孕妇末次月经的第一天算起,40孕周为孕期

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3
Q

胎儿的发展阶段

A

胚种阶段(0-2周);
胚胎阶段(2-8周);
胎儿阶段(9-38周)

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4
Q

胚种阶段

A

受精卵到胚胎组织着床
外胚层:表皮、指甲、牙齿、头发、感官、神经系统
中胚层:真皮、肌肉、肌腱、循环系统、排泄系统
内胚层:消化系统、肝、胰腺、唾液腺、呼吸系统

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5
Q

胚胎阶段

A
关键阶段、不可逆永久损伤
从头到脚、由内及外
4周,心跳开始
8周,有人样
骨化,进入胎儿期
骨细胞是发展到胎儿的重要标志
胎盘形成,胚胎期结束
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6
Q

胎儿阶段

A
8-9周,生殖系统发展;12周完全形成人形
9-12周,个体差异出现
16周,母亲能感受
17-20周,睡眠清醒、新陈代谢
25-28,大脑皮层有特殊功能
28周,能否成活分界线
8个月,对声音敏感
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7
Q

影响胎儿发展因素

A

遗传、表现遗传、环境因素、母体因素、父源因素

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8
Q

新生儿的无条件反射

A

遗传而来、本能,适应性低、形成条反的前提;
生存反射:生存适应,呼吸、眨眼、瞳孔、定向、吮吸、吞咽
原始反射:进化的痕迹,巴宾斯基、抓握、惊跳、游泳、行走、强直性颈部

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9
Q

新生儿条件反射特点

A

形成速度慢、形成之后不稳定、易消退、不易分化

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