문법

Question 1

Confirming the truth of something heard or known

Answer 1

A 다면서(요)?
V ㄴ/는다면서(요)?
N(이)라면서(요)?
과거 -았/었다면서?
미래 -(으)ㄹ 거라면서?

Question 2

Expressing a situation that can/will occur if an activity is continued/repeated

Answer 2

V 다 보면

Question 3

Explaining the meaning/content of a topic in detail

Answer 3

N은/는 A다는 것이다/점이다
N은/는 Vㄴ/는다는 것이다/점이다
N(이)라는 것이다
과거 -았/었는다 것이다

Question 4

Something is done “exactly as” or “situation/appearance is like” another

Answer 4

V 는 대로

N대로

Question 5

Expressing degree of something is so severe it leads to following result (good or bad)

Answer 5

어찌나/얼마나 V는지
어찌나/얼마나 A(으)ㄴ지
과거 -았/었는지

Question 6

Metaphorically emphasizing the degree of a state/event

Answer 6

A/V (으)ㄹ 정도로

A/V (으)ㄹ 정도이다

Question 7

Negative/undesirable situation could occur if an action is continued

Answer 7

V 다가는

Question 8

Expressing info and adding different additional info
“Not only…. but also…”
Both clauses either negative or positive

Answer 8

A/V (으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

N뿐만 아니라

Question 9

No matter if (you) do or don’t the result will be the same

Answer 9

V (으)나 마나

Question 10

Action is the cause for a negative/undesirable situation

Answer 10

V 는 바람에

Question 11

One situation is obviously impossible and another, though easier, is also hard

Answer 11

A/V기는커녕

N은/는커녕

Question 12

“Certainty” about negative action or result based on some evidence

Answer 12

A/V (으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다

과거도 가능

Question 13

Two situations are opposing facts
Ex. Difference in character of one subject
Difference between two subjects

Answer 13

A(으)ㄴ 반면(에)

V 는 반면(에)

Question 14

Result of action or situation is to be expected/obvious

Answer 14

A/V-기 마련이다

Question 15

Continuation/repetition of an action led to result

Answer 15

V-다 보니(까)

Question 16

Answering with opposite or negative response

Responding to compliments in a humble way

Answer 16

A/V 기는(요)

Question 17

Emphasizing something as undeniable fact

Answer 17

N(이)야말로

Question 18

Choice/situation is irrelevant to the result, outcome

Answer 18

A/V 든(지) A/V 든(지)
N(이)든지 N(이)든지
V 든지 말든지

Question 19

Emphasizing that something is “not just the usual”

Answer 19

여간 A(으)ㄴ 것이 아니다
여간 V-는 것이 아니다
여간 A/V-지 않다
여간 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는 N이/가 아니다

Question 20

‘Even though’ A/V the situation won’t change

Answer 20

(아무리) A/V-더라도

Question 21

Expressing one’s assertion or opinion

Answer 21

A- 다고 보다
V- ㄴ/는다고 보다
N(이)라고 보다

Question 22

Emphasizing that the state of completed action continues

Continued action is not ordinary or expected

Answer 22

V (으)ㄴ 채(로)

Question 23

Asking or responding to “whether or not” about fact or method
Frequently used to inquire about/respond to questions about opposition

Answer 23

A-(으)ㄴ지 A-(으) ㄴ지
V-는지 V-는지
N인지 N인지
과거; -았/었는지 -았/었는지
미래, 추측;  -(으)ㄹ지 -(으)ㄹ지

Question 24

The result of one action leads to the second action

Answer 24

V-아/어다(가)

Question 25

Indirect quotation or own thoughts used as attributive info to noun

Answer 25

``` A다는 N Vㄴ/는다는 N N(이)라는 N 미래 -(으)ㄹ 거라는 N 과거 -았/었다는 N ```

Question 26

Expressing one representative item as an example among many

Answer 26

N을/를 비롯해서 (비롯한 N)

Question 27

Listing two or more facts about same topic | "And"

Answer 27

A/V (으)며 N (이)며 과거 -았/었으며

Question 28

Expressing 'conditions' or 'suppositions' as background for following imperative/request (recommendation)

Answer 28

A/V 거든

Question 29

Supposition 'if' past 'had been different', result would also been different. Either positively or negatively

Answer 29

A/V-았/었더라면

Question 30

Taking memo | Recording facts in a 'documentary style'

Answer 30

A/V-(으)ㅁ | N-(이)ㅁ

Question 31

Guessing about fact/situation

Answer 31

``` A-(으)ㄴ 듯하다 V-는 듯하다 N인 듯하다 과거-(으)ㄴ 듯하다 미래-(으)ㄹ 듯하다 ```