𝐊𝐄𝐘 𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐒𝐊𝐈𝐋𝐋𝐒

Question 1

aim + written statement
1 + 2 marks

Answer 1

the purpose of the investigation

the written statement includes:
- independent variable
- dependent variable

Question 2

independent variable
1 mark

Answer 2

what is being changed to effect the result/outcome of the investigation

Question 3

dependent variable
1 mark

Answer 3

what is being measured in the investigation

Question 4

controlled variable
2 mark

Answer 4

variables that are being held constant throughout the investigation to make sure the results don’t get effected.

Question 5

extraneous variable
2 marks

Answer 5

any other variable besides the independent variable which may have an affect on the dependent variable

Question 6

confounding variable
2 marks

Answer 6

any other variable besides the independent variable which has had an affect on the dependent variable.

Question 7

population
1 mark

Answer 7

the entire group of research interest from which a sample can be drawn

Question 8

sample
2 mark

Answer 8

a smaller and more specified group out of the population and the people who take part in the investigation

Question 9

convinience sampling
1 mark

Answer 9

selecting participants that are readily available and accessible to the researcher.
this technique reduces external validity.

Question 10

between subjects design
2 marks

Answer 10

the participants are involved in either the experimental group or the control group
seperate groups

Question 11

strengths of between subjects design
3 marks

Answer 11

• time efficient as both groups may be tested at the same time
• lower rate of participant withdrawals as they only take part in one group.
• the extraneous variable of the participant’s behaviour changing during the second condition after taking part in the first condition is eliminated.

Question 12

weaknesses of between subjects design
2 marks

Answer 12

• different participants in different group increases the diversity of individual differences and therefore affects internal validity
• more participants are needed compared to within subjects.

Question 13

within subjects
1 mark

Answer 13

all participants are involved in both experimental and control conditiong

Question 14

strengths of within subjects
2 marks

Answer 14

• using the same participants through both conditions eliminates the extraneous variable of invidiaul differences
• fewer participants are needed compared to a between sbujects design

Question 15

weaknesses of within subjects design
2 marls

Answer 15

• more time consuming as the same participants have to undergo both conditions.
• participation in the first condition may change their behaviour when undergoing the second condition due to prior knowledge, boredom/fatigue, and practice

Question 16

mixed design
1 mark

Answer 16

combines the elements of both experimental and control group/conditions

Question 17

individual participant differences

Answer 17

when two different groups are compared participant variables such as:
- age
- gender
- personality traits
- mood

Question 18

order effects
3 mark

Answer 18

the exposure to one condition may improve their knowledge due to practice or decrease due to boredom/fatigue
and this will affect the true investigation aim

Question 19

participant expectations
1 mark

Answer 19

when participants are aware of the true purpuse of the investigation their knowledge will influence the result.