Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Lilly > ๐’๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐Ÿ > Flashcards

๐’๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐Ÿ Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Explain what a star is made up of

A

A star is a large ball of gas that gives off light and heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A galaxy is a large groups of stars, dust, gas and dark matter held together by gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is astronomy

A

the branch of science which deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are celestial bodies

A

Celestial bodies are any natural objects found outside of the earths atmosphere these include planets, stars, moons, comets and asteroids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In 350BCE Plato and Aristotle had what idea

A

The geometric model: The sun, moon, plants and stars all orbit around the earth, which does not move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in 150CE Ptolemy had what idea

A

Agreed with the geocentric model. His calculations could be used to predict planetary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In 1609CE galileo had what idea

A

Agreed with the heliocentric model, invented the telescope and observed the orbit of Venus, drew the phases of the moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In 1687 Newton had what idea

A

Discovered gravity which helped to prove our understanding of the Solar System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Terrestria Planets

A

Mercury
Earth
Venus
Mars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Jovian planets

A

Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what planet has the longest day

A

venus- 243 days to spin on its own axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What planet takes the longest to orbit the sun (Year)

A

jupiter- 12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What planet has the shortest orbit around the sun

A

mercury - 88 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain what a star is

A

a fixed luminous point in the night sky which is a large, remote incandescent body like the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

explain what a planet is

A

a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

explain what a moon is

A

the natural satellite of the earth, visible by reflected light from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

explain what an asteroid is

A

a small rocky body orbiting the sun. Large numbers of these, ranging enormously in size, are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, though some have more eccentric orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Explain what a comet is

A

A celestial body consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a โ€˜tailโ€™ of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain what a universe is

A

All the stars and galaxies that exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does a star make its own light and heat?

A

Nuclear reactions occur between two hydrogen atoms.

The nucleus of one hydrogen atom fuse with the nucleus of another hydrogen atom, forming a completely new element called helium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The 3 rules for a celestial object to be a registered as a planet

A
  • The object must orbit a sun.
  • The object must be big enough to allow its own gravity to pull it inwards to make it look rounded.
  • Planets clear their orbit when there are no more objects to crash into.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do planets orbit the sun

A
  • The Sun is a very large object and has a very large gravity.
  • The Sunโ€™s large gravity โ€˜pullsโ€™ the planets towards it.
  • At the same time the planets own gravity tries to pull away from the sunโ€™s gravity.
  • This produces the orbit of the planet around the Sun.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the 2 effects of the earths tilt

A

1) It changes the length of the day throughout the year
2) It changes the angle at which sunlight hits the ground throughout the year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name the 8 phases of the moon

A

New moon
waxing crescent
first quarter
waxing gibbous
full moon
waning gibbous
third quarter
waning crescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Lunar eclipse (4)
* A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth becomes between the Sun and Moon * when the Earth casts a shadow across the entire full moon * a full moon * A lunar eclipse happens once or twice a year and last for a few hours
26
Solar eclipse (5)
* A total solar eclipse occurs * when the moon passes in front of and completely covers the sun occur on a new moon * The moon blocks out the light from the sun. * This leaves the Earth in darkness during the middle of the day. * Birds stop singing!
27
NAME 3 BENEFITS OF SPACE TRAVEL AND THEIR DEFINITION
scientific Discovery: Space exploration allows us to learn more about our universe, including the planets, stars, and galaxies. This knowledge helps us understand our place in the cosmos. 2. Technological Advancements: Space missions drive the development of new technologies that often have practical applications on Earth, such as GPS, satellite communications, and medical imaging. 3. Environmental Research: Studying Earth from space helps us monitor climate change, track natural disasters, and manage Earth's resources more effectively.
28
name 5 benefits of space travel (no definition needed)
Scientific Discovery Technological Advancements Global Cooperation Environmental Research Inspiration
29
NAME 3 HAZARDS OF SPACE TRAVEL WITH DEFINITION
Radiation Exposure: Space travelers are exposed to high levels of cosmic radiation, which can increase the risk of cancer and other health problems. Isolation and Psychological Stress: Isolation and confinement in space can lead to psychological challenges like depression, anxiety, and interpersonal conflicts. Space Debris: Space junk poses a risk to spacecraft and satellites, potentially causing collisions and creating more debris.
30
NAME 5 TYPES OF HAZARDS IN SPACE TRAVEL (NO DEFINITION NEEDED)
Radiation Exposure Isolation and Psychological Stress Space Debris Space Weather Environmental Impact
31
name the satellites of the A-TRAIN and their function
Aura: Measures Air quality, scans Earths atmosphere and climate, NASA's satellite Parasol: Studies Earth's atmosphere and cloud and aerosol, mission started 2004, finished in 2013. Calipso: main mission is to study the clouds and aerosol Cloudsat: uses radar to study the inner structure of clouds Aqua: water cycle, NASA, 21 years OCO: Environmental satellite, 2004, Observes CO2.
32
what are satellites
Satellites are artificial objects or spacecraft that orbit around celestial bodies, most commonly the Earth.
33
why we use satellites (3)
* Earth observation: Earth-observing satellites monitor the Earth's surface, collecting data on weather, climate, natural disasters, land use, and environmental changes. * Space exploration: Satellites, such as robotic probes and space telescopes, are used to explore and study other celestial bodies in our solar system and beyond. * Scientific research: Satellites are used for scientific research in fields such as astronomy, space physics, and Earth sciences.
34
EDWIN HUBBLE
* Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe was expanding. * Edwin Hubble (an American Astronomer) discovered in 1929 that the universe was expanding at a great rate.
35
hubble's law
his led to Hubbleโ€™s Law: Galaxies are moving away from each other. The further away a galaxy is, the faster the galaxy is moving away from us.
36
singularity definition
The singularity a single point in space that is very very small, very very hot, and very very dense.
37
TIMELINE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
) First seconds after the big bang, subatomic particles were formed (13.8 billion years ago) * 2) 380,000 years later electrons and nuclei made atoms * 3) 300 million years later the stars and galaxies began to form * 4) 9 billion years later the solar system and earth were form
38
NAME THE PROCESSES OF THE CYCLES
1) Evaporation: Evaporation is the process of changing water from liquid to a gas. Majority of evaporation takes place in the ocean. As the Sun's heat energy drives this process to evaporate water from the oceans 2) Condensation: Condensation takes place when a gas changes to a liquid, producing small droplets of water. When the water has been evaporated from the sea, it rises and cools which produces clouds made of tiny droplets. 3) Precipitation or rainfall: As the water droplets in the clouds continue to rise, they become too heavy to be held in a cloud so the water falls back to Earth as either, rain, sleet or snow. 4) Infiltration: This occurs when the rain hits the ground and gets collected soaks through the soil and rocks. This water will build up and form ground water. This water will eventually collect in streams and rivers, which can be transported back to the sea. 5) Transpiration: Plants take up water from the soil through their roots, plants lose this water from their leaves in the form of water vapour, returning water back into the air.
39
carbon facts (4)
All living things are made up of carbon. Your body is 20% carbon by mass. Your body is constantly burning compounds of carbon through respiration to keep us alive. Carbon is the basis of all life Any substance that contains carbon is called an organic substance
40
STAGES OF THE CARBON CYCLE (5)
1) Converting atmospheric carbon to plants: Carbon in the form of Carbon Dioxide gas gets taken out of the atmosphere into plants through photosynthesis. 2) Carbon moves from plants to animals: Animals get carbon through eating plants and other animals. 3) Carbon from plants and animals move to the ground: When plants and animals die and decay, they release carbon into the ground. Some may eventually form fossil fuels. 4)Carbon moves from living things into the atmosphere: When plants and animals respire, they release carbon back into the atmosphere. Carbon moves from fossil fuels back to the atmosphere: When we burn fossil fuels we release carbon back into the atmosphere.
41
GLOBAL WARMING IS CAUSED BY WHAT TWO FACTORS
The huge increase in burning of carbon stores in Earth, such as fossil fuels Deforestation, the removal of tress in tropical areas means that there is less plant material available to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere
42
What is an acid?
A substance with a pH level of less than 7 A substance that turns blue litmus paper red
43
What is a base?
A substance with a pH level greater than 7 A substance that turns red litmus paper blue
44
What is a neutral substance
A substance of pH 7 Example- water
45
Common acids
Common acids such as citric acid and vinegar have a sour taste
46
Common bases
Common bases such as toothpaste and washing powder have a soapy feel. Majority of cleaning items are made up of bases
47
Alkali definition
An alkali is a substance that is soluble in water
48
Litmus paper (2)
Red litmus paper stay red if acid/neutral- turn blue is base Blue litmus paper stay blue if base/ neutral- turn red if acid
49
Universal indicator paper
Universal indicator paper tells us the exact pH of a substance by comparing it to the pH scale
50
Closer/stronger pH scale
The closer to 7 a substance is the weaker the acid or base is, the further away from 7, the stronger the acid or base is
51
4 examples of acids (>7)
Battery acid Stomach acid Lemon Soda
52
4 examples of bases (7+)
Blood bleach stomach tablets egg white
53
Neutralisation definition
Neutralisation is the reaction that occurs when you mix and acid with a base
54
Acid+base = salt + water
:)
55
All acids contain what?
H- hydrogen
56
All bases contain what?
OH- hydroxide
57
Hydrochloride Acid
Hydrochloride Acid- HCI Hydrochloride Acid is iโ€™ll always form metal chloride
58
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric Acid- H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid will always form a metal sulfate
59
Nitric Acid
Nitric Acid- HNO3 Nitric Acid will always from a metal nitrate
60
2 most common lab acids
Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid
61
2 most common lab bases
Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide
62
2 facts about sodium hydroxide
Can dissolve in water (alkaline) Very corrosive
63
What set up is used to neutralise bases/acids? What does it do?
It is called a titration set up It evaporates the water away and leaves the salt in the evaporating dish

Lilly (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions