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Question 1

Solubility rules 1

Answer 1

(Li+) (Na+)(K+)(Rb+)(Cs+)(NH4)

soluble no exceptions!!!

Question 2

Solubility rule 2

Answer 2

(No3-)(C2H3O2-)(CH3COO-) are all soluble

No exceptions!!!!

Question 3

Solubility rule 3

Answer 3

Cl- Br- I-
Are soluble
Except when bound to
Ag+ Hg2 2+ or Pb 2+

Question 4

Solubility rule 4

Answer 4

SO4 2- is soluble except when bound to 
Ca 2+
Sr 2+
Ba 2+
Hg2 2+
Pb 2+

Question 5

Solubility rule 5

Answer 5

All other compounds are practically insoluble

Question 6

Soluble trends

Heat and pressure for solids

Answer 6

As heat increase solublilty also increases

Pressure has no particular change

Question 7

Solubility trends for gases

Answer 7

As temp increases solubility decreases!!!!!!

As pressure increases solubility also increases!!!!

Think CO2 in soda pop

Question 8

Molarity

Answer 8

Moles / L of solution

Question 9

Mass percent

Answer 9

g of solute / g of solution x 100%

Question 10

Dilution or concentration formula

Answer 10

M1V1=M2V2

Question 11

Equilibrium constant expression

Answer 11

Keq = [c]^c x [D]^d / [A]^a x [B]^b

Only for aqueous or gases

aA + bB <=> cC + dD

The brackets indicate concentrations molarity

If a given equation is at equilibrium at the same temperature the keq will always be the same

Question 12

What is a precipitation reaction

Answer 12

When two aqueous compounds forma solid

It will occurs if one of the products is a solid or insoluble

Question 13

Complete ionic equation

Answer 13

All ions and soluble things are broken apart into ions

Insoluble things are not!!!!

Question 14

Spectator ions

Answer 14

Ions that don’t change

Question 15

Net ionic equation

Answer 15

Does not contain the spectator ions

Question 16

Energy

Answer 16

The ability to do work

Question 17

Jules to calories ratio

Calorie to kilocalories

Answer 17

4.184 Jules for 1 calorie (lower case)

1 Calorie or kilocalorie = 1000 calories

Question 18

System
V
Surrounding

Answer 18

The part of the universe being studied (generally the reaction being studied)

V

Everything else

Question 19

Law of the conservation of energy

Answer 19

Energy can neither be created or destroyed

Question 20

Heat

Answer 20

Is the transfer of energy from one “body” to another due to a difference of temperature

Question 21

^H or the change of enthalpy

Answer 21

Is equal to heat at a constant pressure

Question 22

Endothermic

V exothermic

Answer 22

Endo = +^ = products have more energy then reactants

Exo = -^ = products have less energy then reactants

Question 23

Colisión theory

Answer 23

Desired product only forms if effective collision forms

The collisions gives the particles the energy they need to break up and form bonds

Question 24

Increase concentration

Answer 24

More collisions

Increase rate of reactions

Question 25

Temp and collisions

Answer 25

As temp increases it will increase number of collisions and increase the energy of the reactions Right shift of the curve

Question 26

Activation energy

Answer 26

E(a) The minimum kinetic energy required by a collision of reactants to create the desired products Energy of reactants to the top of the hump

Question 27

Catalyst

Answer 27

Reduces the height of the hump ( Ea) which speeds up the reaction (Shifts dotted line to the right) Is not consumed instead it facilitates the reaction (HAS NO EFFECT On LE Chatliers )

Question 28

Equilibrium

Answer 28

Many (not all) chemical equations are reversible - they can both forward or backwards The reaction does not stop !!!!! But when rate forward and backward are equal it has reached equilibrium Does not have to have the same amount on both sides 

Question 29

Le chatliers principal

Answer 29

Equilibrium can be shifted by changing conditions of the system If the equilibrium is stressed it will temporarily not be at equilibrium but will the shift to remove the stress so it can regain equilibrium

Question 30

Stresses include

Answer 30

Change in concentrations of reactants or products (does not change keq) Change in pressure Change in temp ( exothermic written with products, endo written with reactants) Not no bad (catalyst) 😵

Question 31

How pressure causes a shift

Answer 31

Only gas !!! If increased will shift from high to low to balance If decreased will shift from low to high to balance

Question 32

Not soluble solubility rules 1 😒

Answer 32

Co3 2- is not soluble except when | Bound to NA li k rb cs nh4

Question 33

Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturate

Answer 33

Saturated is max amount of solute dissolved in solvent Unsat < max Super > max

Question 34

Solute vs solvent

Answer 34

Solvent major Solute minor Types of mixtures Solid liquid or gas / liquid Solid / solid Liquid / liquid Polar dissolves in polar Non polar in non polar

Question 35

Dissociation

Answer 35

When an ionic compound splits apart into ions in an aqueous solution

Question 36

Hydrated

Answer 36

When an ion is completely surrounded by water

Question 37

Electrolyte

Answer 37

Any substance that can divide into ions when placed in water

Question 38

Not soluble rule 2

Answer 38

Oh is not soluble except when bound to li NA k Rb Cs NH4 Sr Ba